空氣汙染議題已逐漸受到關注，除了影響人體健康，也造成環境衝擊及經濟發展，其中細懸浮微粒（PM2.5）對人體健康之影響程度不容忽視，許多研究皆證實PM2.5與心肺跟呼吸系統相關疾病有密切關係。本研究以高雄地區為主要研究範圍，以進港船舶、裝卸機具及運送貨物之重型卡車作為研究對象，利用活動型態模型計算運作時所排放的PM2.5，並評估其所造成的外部健康成本（以DALY計）、健康衝擊指標及外部經濟成本，藉以了解PM2.5對於高雄地區居民所造成的健康負擔與經濟影響。最後評估在2030年落實《國家自訂預期貢獻》以及2050年落實《溫室氣體減量及管理法》的排放管制下，PM2.5的減量及其外部成本對當地衝擊的改善情形。研究結果為以下：自2005到2017年高雄海運貿易運輸作業每年平均造成約3245.03噸的PM2.5，平均外部健康成本為2,722.58 DALY，平均健康衝擊指標為7.17%，每年造成高雄地區1,787.32百萬美元的經濟損失。在2030年的假設情境（Scenario-INDC）中，PM2.5排放量比基礎情境（BAU-2030）減少924.88噸，外部健康成本減少773.98 DALY、健康衝擊指標IHI值下降2.05%、外部經濟成本減少509.41百萬美元；在2050年的假設情境（Scenario-GGRMA）中，PM2.5排放量比基礎情境（BAU-2050）減少1,714.15噸，外部健康成本減少1,438.17 DALY，健康衝擊指標IHI值下降約3.79%，外部經濟成本比減少了944.13百萬美元。高雄地區國際貿易運輸作業若能在未來落實該二法規的排放規範，將可大幅減少該空氣汙染物對於該地之影響。

For the purpose of assessing PM2.5-related impact from the shipping-related transportation for international trading in human health and local economy. This study employes activity-based model to estimate the PM2.5 emissions from ships, cargo handling equipments and heavy-duty vehicles for land transportation in Kaohsiung. Furthermore, the external health cost, index of health impact (IHI) and external economic cost will be assessed to quantize impact of PM2.5 emission from the shipping-related operation in Kaohsiung. At last, this study will evaluate the effect of mitigation for PM2.5 in Scenario-INDC and Scenario-GGRMA under two mitigation regulations of emission. The results are following：From 2005 to 2017, the PM2.5 emission caused external health cost of 3,238.30 DALY, IHI value of 8.53% and economic losses of 2,176.04 million annually. For Scenario-INDC, PM2.5-related external health costs, IHI value and external economic cost will decrease by 927.64 DALY, 2.45% and US$ 608.86 million respectively comparing to BAU-2030. For Scenario-GGRMA, PM2.5-related external health cost, IHI value and external economic cost will decrease by 1736.28 DALY, 4.58% and US$ 1,139.84 million respectively comparing to BAU-2050. The results indicate that the compliance with these two regulations of INDC and GGRMA would lead to the mitigation of PM2.5 emission which could improve air quality and reduce economic loss.

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