感知上的和諧程度為對聲音感知的愉悅程度，對於和諧程度的判斷被廣泛認為和大腦的一些區域如聽覺皮質等區域相關；大腦可塑性為大腦改變其結構與功能的能力，經驗與訓練則為其改變的一個主要因素。諧和音程是西方音樂調性理論普遍且重要的概念，過去研究發現音樂家對於和諧音程的處理是符合音程和諧度。本研究利用行為實驗、事件相關電位實驗以及功能性磁振照影來探討，並在功能性磁振照影與事件相關電位做交互探討。為了減少MRI產生的噪音影響，我們以稀疏時間取樣進行聽覺功能性磁振造影。從行為實驗結果發現，即便在MRI產生的噪音影響下，音樂在MRI裡面與外面皆維持80%以上的正確率且並無顯著差異。
在ERPs分析中出現N1、P2、N2的腦電位反應，N1由初級聽覺皮質區產生、P2是由次級聽覺皮質區產生、N2是由前扣帶皮質區(ACC)產生。針對和諧音程而言，結果顯示音樂家聽到和諧音程比不和諧音程能夠產生較強的P2振幅且有明顯差異；在fMRI分析上，我們發現對和諧音程與不和諧音程，額葉、顳葉、頂葉與枕葉均有反應且左腦較強。在左腦的額葉與邊緣葉，和諧音程的反應較不和諧音程強；在fMRI與ERPs的交互分析上，發現在左腦的額葉上，和諧音程的反應較不和諧音程強；實驗結果指出大腦對於和諧音程的反應會受到專業訓練的影響，音樂家可明確分辨和諧音程與不和諧音程且不受到MRI產生的噪音影響，音樂家的次級聽覺皮質區因受到長期音樂訓練而強化，而在判斷和諧或不和諧音程時大腦反應區域偏向左腦，在左腦額葉處和諧音程的反應較不和諧音程強。

Pleasurability, known as sensory consonance, which is widely regarded as being associated with some regions of the brain such as auditory cortex. Brain plasticity is the ability of a brain to change its structure and function, and the major factor including experience and training. Musician’s brain received long-term musical training is also regarded as an ideal model to investigate plasticity of the human brain. The consonance of interval is a most significant general concept of western tonal music. Some studies indicated that cortical processing of musical consonance conforms to consonance of interval for musicians. This study aims at exploring this cognitive process by behavior experiment, ERPs and fMRI, and the cross-exploration between each experiment. In order to reduce the interference of noise caused by MRI, sparse sampling is used for auditory fMRI. In the behavior experiment, even if the interference of noise, the average accuracy of musicians is still over 80%, and there is no significant trend between the situation inside and outside MRI room.

In the ERPs analysis, there are N1, P2 and N2 components. N1 sources are in localized in the region of the primary auditory cortex, P2 sources are localized in the region of the secondary auditory cortex and N2 sources are in localized in the region of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Considering the consonance type, the P2 amplitude evoked by consonant intervals was stronger than by dissonant intervals from musicians and has a significant trend; In the fMRI analysis, we find that for both consonance and dissonance stimuli, activations are all including frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe and left lateralized. In the frontal lobe and limbic lobe of left hemisphere, haemodynamic response of consonant intervals is stronger than dissonant intervals. In the cross-analysis from ERPs to fMRI, we find activations including frontal lobe and limbic lobe in the left hemisphere, the haemodynamic response to consonant intervals are larger than dissonant intervals. The results point out the influence of expertise, musicians could accurately categorize the consonant and dissonant intervals and had enhanced in the secondary auditory cortex. Furthermore, the effect of left lateralized was shown and consonant intervals were found to elicit a larger haemodynamic response in the frontal lobe of left hemisphere.

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