在排球運動中上肢絕對是非常重要的，而長期的姿勢不正確或過度使用會造成上肢的受傷並導致疼痛，扣球這種將手舉高過頭且需要快速的揮臂擊球動作更有可能造成受傷的發生尤其是在疲勞狀態下。截至目前發現肩膀受傷與肌肉疲勞在扣球表現的研究較為缺乏。因此本研究目的在探討(1)選手肩膀受傷與否與扣球表現的關係。肩膀肌肉疲勞對扣球表現的影響。(3)研究肩膀內旋肌群在扣球中扮演的角色。此研究設計一肩關節單一活動的疲勞流程以模擬訓練或比賽中的狀況來比較受傷組與對照組在扣球的策略。招收20位高中與大學曾參與一級球隊的選手(年齡24.3±3歲 身高1.8±0.06公尺、體重76.1±11 公斤)，再藉由動作捕捉系統(motion capture system)與表面肌電感測器收取受試者的扣球資料以程式計算對肩、肘、腕的運動學，進一步以逆動力學計算關節間的力量，佐以八條肌肉的徵招訊號加以分析探討。在介入單一部位疲勞後希望可以了解排球扣球上肢肌肉的協調情形，並提出改進的訓練方法。結果表明在組間疲勞前關節間力量中肘關節(p=.032)在減速期有顯著的差異，疲勞後角度在減速期肩關節水平外展(p=.028)，角速度在減速期的軀幹屈曲(p=.019)存在差異；而健康組疲勞前後角速度在加速期的腕關節(p=.039)、減速期的肩關節水平外展(p=.020)；而受傷組角度上在加速期軀幹屈曲(p=.042)，角速度在減速期肩膀的外旋角速度(p=0.041)有差異，關節力量中加速期的肩關節力矩疲勞後較大(p=.043)。在兩組間發現其扣球模式存在差異，而肩內旋的疲勞確實會影響兩組在運動學和動力學中的表現。為了防止肩部受傷運動員應更注重熱身和加強肩袖肌群。

The upper limbs play a very important role in volleyball. Incorrect posture or long-term overuse may cause injuries to the upper limbs, leading to pain, especially in spiking. When a player feels fatigued the movement strategy would change and compensatory movements emerge which is a risk factor that needs to be noticed. Up to now, the knowledge of the effects of shoulder injured athletes and muscle fatigue in spiking performance was limited. The aim of this study was to realize: 1) the effects of shoulder injury in spiking performance; 2) the effects of shoulder muscle fatigue in spiking pattern; 3) the role of shoulder internal rotator in spiking. This research recruited 20 players (24.3±3 years in age, 1.8±0.06 m in height, 76.1±11 kg in weight) who have to play in first division high school and college. The intervention was a local shoulder internal rotation fatigue protocol. By motion capture system and surface EMG to calculate the kinematics of limb, and go a step further use inverse dynamics to calculate the forces of joints. The aim of this study was to realize the mechanism of spiking in injury and fatigue and propose an effective policy for training. The results revealed that between groups in non-fatigue conditions there was a difference in elbow (p=.032). After fatigue protocol, the differences existed at the angle of shoulder horizontal abduction (p=.028), and angular velocity of trunk flexion (p=.019). Between fatigue conditions in control group the effects were in wrist (p=.039) and shoulder horizontal abduction (p=.020); in injured group, the angle of trunk extension (p=.042), and the angular velocity of shoulder external rotation was bigger (p=.041), and the torque of shoulder (p=.043) is bigger. In conclusion, there were differences in spiking patterns between groups, and the effect of the protocol changed the performance of the two groups. In order to prevent injury to shoulder athletes should more focus on warm-up and strengthening the rotator cuff.

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