| 研究生: |
嚴佳茹 Yen, chia-Ju |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
921災後重建小學與開放式小學生態節能環境現況解析 A Study on the ecology and energy conservation conditions in post-921-earthquake reconstructed elementary and open-space elementary schools |
| 指導教授: |
林憲德
Lin, Hien-Te |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture |
| 論文出版年: | 2004 |
| 畢業學年度: | 92 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 96 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 基地保水 、綠化 、國民小學 、用水 、用電 、工程經費 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | green building, project funds, electricity consumption, planting, elementary high schools, water retention |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:164 下載:2 |
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綠建築政策在台灣已經正式進入國家重點發展計畫,教育部亦擬定「永續發展的綠色學校計畫」,使台灣各級學校成為生態校園環境,由於國民小學數量眾多且擁有廣大空地更負有生態教育之意義,從「新校園運動」到「開放式教育」都以永續綠校園作為最高原則,對新校園之生態節能環境現況調查更是不可缺少。
為瞭解921災後重建小學與開放式小學生態節能環境現況,本研究針對營建署代辦15間重建小學與6間開放式小學,進行綠建築之綠化量指標、基地保水指標、水資源指標評估與用水、用電及工程經費之資料庫建立,以掌握現況水準,探討指標應用之適宜性與影響因子,並作為日後校舍改善與規劃設計之參考依據。
在調查中發現重建小學與開放式小學在「校舍規劃比例」上,校舍建築佔20~30%,運動場用地佔12~15%,其他空地佔55~68%,其中運動場用地與國民小學設備基準之校園整體規劃中少了近一半。「綠化量指標」以開放式小學83.3%合格率高於重建小學之46.6%,建議校園採用生態複層綠化,提高生物多樣性並將綠化量基準值所扣除不可綠化之運動場面積降低至30%以下。「基地保水指標」以重建小學73.3%合格率高於開放式小學之33.3%,建議基地保水指標對砂土質土壤直接以透水面積佔校地比例之50%以上為合格,且降低黏土質土壤之透水舖面對保水量之高度影響,使其採用特殊保水設計。「水資源指標」以開放式小學66.7%合格率高於重建小學之26.7%,建議對33.3%部分設置節水器材進行改善,以提高合格率至60%,將雨、中水回收系統擱置之19%進行問題改善,提高自來水替代率。「用水密度」以重建小學34(度/生‧年)高於開放式小學11(度/生‧年)三倍。「用電密度」以重建小學583(度/人‧年)與開放式小學493(度/人‧年),高於文獻值三倍之多,耗能情況嚴重。「工程經費」以重建小學平均單位樓地板面積造價15,527(元/㎡)與開放式小學平均為18,701(元/㎡),高於傳統小學,整體工程經費分佈不均,仍有施工品質與設計不良之問題存在。
The Green Building Policy has become one of the key development plans in Taiwan. The “Sustainable Green Educational Institute Plan” established by the Ministry of Education has also bring the idea of ecological education and environment into all levels of schools. In addition, the “New Campus Movement” and “Open Education” have also taken sustainable green campus as the uppermost principle. Undoubtedly, the numerous newly established elementary schools adopted the idea of sustainable green campus should also meet the requirements of ecological environment and energy-conservation.
In order to find out the ecological environment and energy conservation conditions of post-921-earthquake reconstructed elementary schools (RES) and open education elementary schools (OPES), we investigate into the 15 reconstructed schools conducted by Construction and Planning Agency and 6 open education schools. The Greenery Indicator, On-site Water Retention Indicator, Water Resource Indicator of the Green Building Evaluation System are used to evaluate the water and electricity utilization. Construction costs of these schools are also evaluated in order to understand the applicability of the indicators.
For the “Campus Planning Pattern” of RES and OPES, the building occupies 20~30% of the campus site, the sports ground 12~15%, and vacant land 55~68% we found out that the sports ground of RES and OPES is only one half of the area suggested by “Facility Standard of Elementary and Junior High Schools.” For the “Greenery Indicator,” 83.3% of OPES meets the criteria, and only 46.6% of RES meets the criteria. We suggested that “Multi-layer Planting” should be extensively adopted to enhance biodiversity. Sports ground, which is incapable of planting, should be lower down to less than 30% of the campus area.
For the “On-Site Water Retention Indicator,” 73.3% of the RES meets the criteria, and only 33.3% of OPES meets the criteria. We suggested that for sites with sand soil to meet the criteria, more than 50% of the campus area should be water permeable. For sites with clay soil, the weighting of water permeable pavement should be lowered to encourage special water retention design. For “Water Resource Indicator,” 66.7% of the OPES meets the criteria, and only 26.7% of RES meets the criteria. We suggested that water saving equipments should be adopted. Rainwater and grey water reclamation systems, which are left used, should be modified to enhance tap-water substitution. The water utilization density of RES is 34(degree/student‧year) and that of OPES is 11(degree/student‧year). The electricity utilization density of RES is 583(degree/student‧year) and that of OPES is 493(degree/student‧year), which is three times more than the reference data. This indicated that the two kinds of schools consume energy severely.
For the construction cost, the average unit floor area construction fee of RES is 15,527(NTD/㎡) and that of OPES is 18,701(NTD/㎡), which is higher than conventional elementary schools. Although having such high construction budget, construction quality problems and inappropriate design still exists.
引用文獻
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