| 研究生: |
盧彥竹 Lu, Yen-Chu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
台灣民主政治發展下的「司法獨立」---分權制衡與民眾支持之實證角度分析 The Judicial Independence Under the Development of Taiwan Democracy: An Empirical Analysis in the Perspectives of Constitutional Counterbalance and Public Support |
| 指導教授: |
蒙志成
Meng, Chih-Cheng |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 政治經濟研究所 Graduate Institute of Political Economy |
| 論文出版年: | 2014 |
| 畢業學年度: | 102 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 117 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 司法獨立 、憲政民主 、司法支持 、違憲審查 、行政處分 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Judicial Independence, Constitutional Democracy, Judicial Support, Judicial Review, illegal administrative disciplinary action |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:101 下載:8 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
憲政民主的發展除了完善的制度與成熟的憲政文化外,也不能忽略司法機關所扮演的角色及運作的方式,否則整個政體的運作隨時有崩塌的可能。台灣政治體制從威權政治演變至民主政治經歷了半個世紀之久,無論是體制內菁英還是社運人士,對於民主政治的發展皆付出了相當的時間和努力。然而,在民主體制運作良好的台灣,司法機關的功能是否與其在憲法上所保障的內容一致?司法機關是否真的發揮其制衡其他政治機關的功能?是否確實保障人民的權利?最後,是否在體制上具備了司法獨立性?因此,本文主要探討的重點在於,台灣經歷長期民主化過程後,司法機關是否有愈來愈獨立的趨勢?為了探究這個問題,本研究透過文獻探討的整理,選擇以判決上獨立與結構上獨立作為測量台灣司法獨立的兩個指標。其中判決上獨立的測量以民眾對於司法機關的支持度為測量問項,資料來自於數個關於司法支持的問卷調查;結構上獨立的測量則以司法機關運作分權制衡之功能作為分析對象,資料以《司法統計年報》、《司法業務年報案件分析》為主。除此之外,本研究為了能夠完整的分析司法機關制衡政治機關的功能,不僅從大法官宣告違憲之比例觀察,更是加入了行政法院撤銷違法行政處分之比例兩者,俾能更正確地分析司法機關的制衡功能。除了分析台灣司法獨立的狀況外,本研究更深入分析司法獨立與憲政民主兩者程度的相關性,所採用的研究方法為相關性分析,討論兩者的方向性。分析結果顯示,除了民眾對司法支持度與民主政制發展呈現低度相關外,這可能肇因於民眾期待司法獨立程度與司法獨立實際程度間差距所致,司法機關運作分權制衡功能之兩個問項皆與憲政民主發展有高度的正相關,間接證明了司法機關係作為民主政治中制衡的重要角色。
The development of the constitutional democracy not only requires well-operated institutions and a mature political culture that is suitable for the whole environment, but it also demands the appropriate role and the proper function of the judiciary, or the operation of the regime will come to collapse someday. The political transition of Taiwan, from authoritarianism to democratization, has gone through more than half of the century, and people, whether they be political elites or people who participated in social move-ments, have already put much time and lots of efforts in building the new structure of the nation. However, is the operation of the judiciary truly consistent with the content that is stipulated in the Constitution? Does the judiciary play an appropriate role in counterbalancing the political department? Does it reliably protect the human rights well? Finally, does the department possess the independence as all democratic nations are striving to achieve? Therefore, this research focuses mainly on whether the judiciary has become more and more independent after the long processes of democratization.
To explore the answer to this question, my dissertation is based on two variables, Process Independence and Structural Independence, to measure the extent of judiciary in Taiwan. The indicator of Process Independence is the degree to which people support or trust in the judiciary department, and the data are mostly from the questionnaires of many years of research regarding public support in the judiciary; the indicator of Structural In-dependence is the level to which the ability of the judiciary checks and balances the political department, and the data are from the 《department of statistics of judicial yuan Republic of China》.
Furthermore, to analyze the level of counterbalances possessed by the judiciary and whether they are used correctly. Not only does the research review the unconstitutional proportion of the interpretation of justices of the constitutional court, it also examines the ratio of the illegal administrative sanctions in all the administrative cases. In addition to analyzing the independence of Taiwan, I also discuss the correlation and direction between the degree of judicial independence and constitutional democracy based on correlation analysis. This paper finds unveils the fact that there is a high correlation between the ability of the checks and balances of the judiciary and the level of democratization, indirectly proving that the judiciary plays an essential role as counterbalance in democratic regime.
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