近幾年由於能源危機與環保意識的抬頭，再生能源成為目前發展的趨勢。太陽能無污染，且取之不盡、用之不竭，具有發展潛力，故太陽能發電的研究日益受到重視。本論文將以太陽能電池與蓄電池為研究主題，探討如何應用最大功率追蹤技術，以提升太陽能發電系統之效率，並分析蓄電池充放電管理之法則。
本論文首先介紹太陽能電池發電原理與等效電路模型，吾人應用電路理論，分析太陽能電池 特性曲線，並探討氣候環境對電氣參數之影響。由於太陽能板成本高，轉換效率低，可應用最大功率追蹤技術，有效地提升太陽能使用率與降低系統成本。論文中將回顧數種常用之最大功率追蹤法則。此外，吾人將應用控制方塊圖，推導太陽能充電系統的小信號數學模式，並根據古典控制理論設計控制器，使太陽能板具有最大的輸出功率。其次，由電化學理論介紹蓄電池之基本特性與工作原理，並應用電化學阻抗分析法，瞭解電池等效電路模型。再根據Mass充電法則，探討各種蓄電池充電方法之優缺點。此外，提出電池管理技術，有效地控制蓄電池充放電狀態，避免蓄電池有過充或過放電的現象，以增長其使用壽命。
最後，吾人應用軟體IsSpice，模擬非理想性電阻對太陽能電池輸出之影響，並實際量測特性曲線，以驗證理論之正確性。接著以梯度法為基礎，使用微處理器8051配合軟體程式，實作最大功率追蹤器，以達到最大功率追蹤的目的。

Due to energy crisis and escalating environmental protection awareness in the recent years, the development of renewable energy has become a tendency at present. The solar energy is an inexhaustible and pollution-free energy source with high development potential. Therefore, the research about photovoltaic generation was got more and more attention. The solar cell and storage battery are investigated in this thesis. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is applied to improve the overall efficiency of the solar system. The rules of charging and discharging management are also presented.
The characteristics and equivalent circuit model of a solar cell are introduced first. According to the circuit model, the characteristic curves of a solar cell can be analyzed by circuit theory. Moreover, the influences of the climate on the electric parameters are also presented. Because the price of a solar module is expensive and conversion efficiency is low, the MPPT technique is of essence to reduce the cost and promote the efficiency. Several MPPT rules are compared in this thesis. Additionally, the control block diagram is adopted to derive the small-signal model of the solar system. The PI controller, based on classical control theory, is designed to achieve the maximum output power.
To proceed, the electrochemistry mechanism is employed to analyze the characteristics of the battery and its working principle. By means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, battery equivalent circuit model is derived by Randles. The pluses and minuses of various charging methods are mentioned and compared according to Mass law. Moreover, the battery management technique is presented to avoid the over charging and discharging phenomena of the storage battery. The lifespan of the battery is thereby prolonged effectively.
Finally, IsSpice sofeware is used to simulate the influence of the output resistances of the solar cell. Then, the theoretical analysis is validated by the measurements of characteristic curves of the solar module. A maximum power point tracker, based on gradient method, is implemented by microprocessor 8051 to achieve MPPT purpose.

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