輕質骨材製成之輕質混凝土具有降低建築物自重、隔熱、隔音性佳等諸多優點，而從水庫浚渫出的大量淤泥是適於燒製輕質骨材眾多原料之一。將淤泥燒製成輕質骨材不僅能解決淤泥堆放所產生之環境衝擊問題，且能替代天然砂石，成為具有高附加價值的綠色建材。
近年來許多研究顯示水庫淤泥有燒製成輕質骨材之潛力，但在密度、吸水率、抗壓強度等性質方面仍有改進之空間。本研究在淤泥中添加發泡劑後進行燒結，期望能獲得質輕、低吸水性及高強度的高性能輕質骨材，或是擁有大而均勻之孔隙，適合做為隔音防火用之超低密度骨材，並尋求最佳之燒結條件。
本研究之淤泥取自石門水庫，以其為主要原料，添加不同比率(2.5％、5％、7.5％、10％)及粒徑(100/200目、200/400目、< 400目、< 5μm)之白雲石或大理石做為發泡劑，探討其對骨材性質所產生之影響，由實驗結果可得以下結論：
1. 石門水庫淤泥原樣之d50約為3.8μm，礦物組成以石英、伊萊石、綠泥石為主，化學組成位於Riley相圖之膨脹區內。
2. 以淤泥原樣燒結，約在1150℃後能產生足夠黏滯性玻璃質以包覆氣體使骨材開始膨脹，在1250℃燒結後，骨材密度約為1.48 g/cm3。
3. 添加粒徑<400目之白雲石5%，在1175℃燒結，骨材密度即可降至約1.46 g/cm3，顯示添加發泡劑有助於燒結溫度之降低；在1250℃燒結，骨材密度可降至0.93 g/cm3，顯示添加發泡劑可大幅降低骨材之密度；添加量超過7.5%時，由於發泡劑中鈣、鎂成分的助熔效果，使骨材在1200℃燒結即崩塌變形，故添加率與燒結溫度應作適當之相對調整。
4. 發泡劑粒徑與骨材中孔隙之連通度有密切關係，粒徑 >200目之發泡劑，易產生連通之孔隙，使釋放的氣體逸失，骨材之膨脹性不佳，密度與未添加者相近；粒徑 <400目之發泡劑因不易產生連通之孔隙，氣體能有效包覆在胚體中，骨材密度甚至能降低至1 g/cm3以下。
5. 發泡劑之添加使骨材孔隙增加、密度降低，惟抗壓強度亦隨之降低。本研究所製備之骨材在一般輕質骨材密度範圍內(1.8~1.2 g/cm3)，其抗壓強度為49.97~10.72 MPa，符合輕質混凝土使用上之要求。
6. 淤泥中添加7.5%，200/400目之白雲石，可在1200℃燒製出體密度1.23 g/cm3，吸水率小於1%，抗壓強度19.1MPa之輕質骨材，是本研究所製備，綜合性能最佳之骨材，適用於結構用輕質混凝土之配製。
7. 淤泥中添加5％，粒徑<5μm之白雲石，在1250℃燒結，可得體密度0.63 g/cm3之超輕質骨材，適用配製隔熱用輕質混凝土。
8. 大理石粉末之發泡機制與白雲石粉末類似，可產生相近甚至更佳的發泡效果，是另一種發泡劑之原料。

The concrete made from lightweight aggregates has the advantages of building light self-weight, good thermal and acoustic insulations. The sediments dredged out from reservoir have become one of the raw materials to manufacture lightweight aggregates. The discovery of reservoir sediments being able to sinter into lightweight aggregates not only solves the environmental impact caused by the sediments deposition but also substitutes some of the natural aggregates. Therefore, reservoir sediments have become a source manufacturing highly-valued green construction material.
Many recent researches have reported that reservoir sediments have the potential of manufacturing lightweight aggregates, however, there are still some improvements can be pursued such as bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength. This study investigated the effects and conditions of adding bloating materials into the sediments, expected by followed sintering to obtain aggregates with better qualities in density, water absorption and compressive strength than that from sediments only. Furthermore, the conditions to obtain ultra-lightweight aggregates with large and uniform pores to be used as acoustic insulation and fire-proof materials were examined.
The reservoir sediments used in this study were collected from Shihmen Reservoir in Tao-Yuan County. The sediments were mixed with different percentages (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) and sizes (100/200 mesh, 200/400 mesh, <400 mesh and <5μm) of dolomite or marble powders as bloating additives. The influences of these additives were investigated. Based on the experimental results, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. The median size (d50) of reservoir sediments is 3.8μm. The mineral compositions of sediments are mainly quartz, illite and chlorite. Chemical composition is located in the bloating region of Riley phase diagram.
2. Using only the reservoir sediments as the raw material, a viscous glassy material can be generated and to seclude the gas and dilate at 1150℃. Sintered at 1250℃, the bulk density of the aggregates is around 1.48 g/cm3 .
3. For sediments mixed with 5%, <400 mesh dolomite and sintered at 1175℃, the bulk density of the aggregates produced can be reduced to 1.46 g/cm3, showing that the addition of bloating materials can help to reduce the sintering temperature. Sintered at 1250℃, the density can further be reduced to 0.93g/cm3, proving that bloating materials can help to reduce the density of the aggregates. When dolomite addition is increased to 7.5%, the fluxing effects due to the calcium and magnesium content made the aggregates to collapse at 1200℃. Therefore bloating materials addition ratio and sintering temperature should be properly adjusted.
4. The amount and connectivity of open pores in the aggregates are related to the particle size of the additives. Bloating materials with sizes >200 mesh can produce connected open pores allowing gas to escape, and deteriorating the dilation of the aggregates. The density is similar to the density of aggregates made from only sediments. Additives with sizes <400 mesh can reduce the connectivity of pores and seclude the gas efficiently, it is even able to manufacture aggregates with bulk density less than 1 g/cm3.
5. The adding of bloating additives increases the aggregate porosity and the density, however, it also let the compressive strength decrease. The aggregates prepared in this study have average densities in the range of 1.8 ~ 1.2 g/cm3, and the compressive strengths are between 49.97 and 10.72MPa, which fulfill the requirements in lightweight concrete preparation.
6. The optimum conditions for lightweight aggregates in this study are as follows: 200/400 mesh dolomite 7.5%; sintering at 1200℃ for 30 min. The lightweight aggregates produced have the properties: density 1.23 g/cm3; water absorption less than 1% and compressive strength 19.1MPa. This is suitable for the application in structural concrete.
7. Addition of 5%, <5μm dolomite as bloating materials and sintered at of 1250℃, the aggregates produced can have densities as low as 0.63 g/cm3. The ultra-light aggregates with large and uniform pores, are suitable in the application of heat and acoustic insulation purposes.
8. The bloating mechanism and ability of marble powders in the manufacture of lightweight aggregates are similar to dolomite, and occasionally even better.

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