本論文選擇並分析了在藍綠波段範圍內運作的氮化銦鎵（InGaN）雷射二極體（Laser Diode; LD），並以此二極體雷射，設計出光頻率基準。在進行氮化銦鎵二極體雷射放入頻率參考的光學系統研究之前，先行探討了氮化銦鎵二極體藍光雷射隨著工作電流和二極體溫度的模態演變。二極體藍光雷射可以在接近雷射發射閾值的情況下，發出線寬約為20 MHz的mW等級單頻雷射光束。當我們為特定的應用選擇適合二極體藍光雷射，分析其工作電流和二極體溫度對藍光雷射二極體的模態演變是非常重要的。
然後，設計並建置了利特洛(Littrow)類型的外腔二極體雷射器（External Cavity Diode Laser; ECDL）系統。其頻率穩定的單頻綠光氮化銦鎵外腔二極體雷射可以產生線寬為5.1 MHz且輸出功率超過40 mW的雷射光束。此外，我們在利特洛類型的外腔中展示了445 nm氮化銦鎵外腔二極體雷射。其調製範圍估計為4 nm。最大輸出功率可以高達20 mW，而斜率效率約為0.36 W / A。該氮化銦鎵外腔二極體雷射的線寬在雷射閾值時為4.7 MHz，如果在更高的電流下則是8.1MHz。藍光外腔二極體雷射可以在整個工作範圍內發出單頻雷射光。最後，我們討論使用基於碘分子超精細躍遷的飽和吸收光譜方法來實現穩頻。

In this thesis, Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) laser diodes (LDs) operated within a blue-green wavelength region was selected and analyzed for designing robust and compact frequency references. Before putting InGaN LDs inside the frequency reference optical system, the mode evolution of InGaN blue LDs with operating currents and diode temperatures was investigated. The blue LDs can deliver a mW-level single frequency beam with about 20-MHz linewidth at nearly above the lasing threshold. Analysis of the mode evolution of a blue laser diode with operating current and diode temperature is very important when how to choose the LDs for specific applications.
Then, an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) system in Littrow layout was designed and set up. A frequency-stable single-frequency green InGaN ECDL can produce a laser beam with its 5.1-MHz linewidth and the more than 40-mW output power. Furthermore, we show a single-frequency ECDL based on the 445-nm blue LD in the Littrow-type external cavity. Its tuning range was estimated at 4 nm. The maximum output power was up to 20 mW, and the slope efficiency was approximately 0.36 W/A. The ECDL linewidth was measured as 4.7 MHz at a lasing threshold to 8.1 MHz at higher applied currents. A blue ECDL can deliver a single frequency laser beam within the whole operation range. Finally, we reported a frequency stabilization using a saturated absorption spectroscopy method based on iodine hyperfine transitions can be realized with the ECDL.

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