意識在學習歷程中扮演怎樣的角色，一直是心理學中備受關注的議題。以往在研究意識與學習記憶的關係時，大多以閾值下刺激為手段觀察清醒的人類受試者的學習表現。在這些訓練過程中，受試者依然具備完整的意識狀態，雖未察覺到刺激，仍與「非完整意識狀態」下進行的學習仍有差異。過去我們實驗室以麻醉作為破壞完整意識的手段，成功建立了麻醉下抑制型逃避學習作業的動物模型，並發現基底外側杏仁核是建立此種學習的重要腦區。本論文嘗試以另一實驗典範——味覺嫌惡制約進行麻醉下學習。結果發現，麻醉狀態下隨著鋰鹽劑量增加，味覺嫌惡制約的效果越強。過去的研究中發現周邊注射腎上腺素會增強學習效果，在本論文中也發現它可以促進低劑量鋰鹽的味覺嫌惡制約。腦部操弄的實驗中發現，在給予鋰鹽之前先將乙型腎上腺素受體拮抗劑 (propranolol) 顱內注射到基底外側杏仁核暫時抑制其活性，會破壞麻醉下的味覺嫌惡制約。總體而言，本論文成功建立麻醉下學習味覺嫌惡制約的動物模型，說明麻醉下學習不僅限於抑制型逃避學習此一特定作業，也可在其他學習模型中找到類似的現象。先前的實驗中發現以利多卡因阻斷離子流通、抑制基底外側杏仁核的活性會破壞麻醉下建立的抑制型逃避學習，而本論文更進一步說明基底外側杏仁核中的乙型腎上腺素受體與能否成功建立麻醉下學習有重要關聯。未來將以此結果為基礎，逐漸釐清麻醉下建立學習時相關的神經表徵與作用機制。

Our previous studies demonstrated that rats can acquire modified inhibitory avoidance task under dexmedetomidine-induced anesthesia, and basolateral amygdala is an important region for establishing this type of learning. In addition, epinephrine enhanced inhibitory avoidance learning under anesthesia. In this study, we adopted another paradigm, conditioned taste aversion (CTA), to investigate the phenomenon of learning under anesthesia. Saccharin was pumped on the tongues of anesthetized rats, followed by lithium chloride (LiCl) injection which induced illness. After 20 minutes, atipamezole was given to reverse anesthesia. The results showed that anesthetized rats can acquire CTA, and peripheral injection of epinephrine can improve a weak CTA learning. Furthermore, infusion of β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) before the administration of LiCl impaired this learning. In conclusion, our findings indicated that although the training was conducted under anesthesia, rats can still acquire the conditioning and avoid drinking this solution while awake. Consistent with our previous studies, memory enhancing effect of epinephrine can also be found in CTA learning under anesthesia. In addition, beta adrenoceptors in BLA are involved in this learning.

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