隨著儲能系統的應用與事故的增加，現行已有多項標準與規範（如 UL、NFPA 855）針對其安全與設置進行規定。針對室內設置部分，雖現行建築法規已要求具備一定防火時效，但由於鋰離子電池儲能系統在火災時可能產生劇烈熱釋放，實際情況可能超出建築構件的耐火設計。因此，本研究旨在評估室內電池儲能系統發生火災時，現行防火時效標準是否足以因應。
研究採用模擬軟體進行分析，模擬對象為5 m × 3 m × 3 m的混凝土建築，其牆內設有木質壁裝作為可燃物，東側有一道開啟的門。透過輸入儲能系統火災熱釋放率曲線，分別探討室內角落到門口設置六種不同設置位置的影響、設置空間逐漸縮小的影響，以及在鋼質與 ABS-鋼質複合外殼條件下，儲能系統設置間距對延燒風險的影響。
結果顯示，若室內存在可燃物，無論何種設置方式皆可能導致閃燃，特別是當儲能系統設於靠近角落且遠離通風口處時，最早在193秒發生閃燃，且在2,880秒便突破防火構件之耐火溫度限制。此外，隨著儲存空間愈小，危害愈為嚴重，閃燃發生時間最短可提前至174秒，阻熱性能亦縮減至2,520秒。即便無其他可燃物存在，若儲能系統與牆面距離不足，也可能導致防火構件失效。在探討設置間距對於延燒的影響中，當儲能系統間距小於現行規範的0.9公尺時，根據內部溫度分析，兩種外殼材質均未達到引燃溫度。總結來說，現行設置指引對於室內儲能系統火災的防護具有效果，但須嚴格遵循；另可考慮增加牆體厚度以進一步提升防護能力。

As the application and related incidents of energy storage systems (ESS) continue to rise, multiple standards and regulations (such as UL, NFPA 855) have been established to ensure proper installation and safety. For indoor installations, current building codes require a certain fire-resistance rating. However, due to the intense heat release that can occur during fires involving lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (BESS), actual fire scenarios may exceed the fire-resistance design of building components. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether the current fire-resistance standards are adequate in addressing indoor BESS fire incidents. Numerical simulations were conducted using a 5 m × 3 m × 3 m, in which the walls were lined with plywood as combustible material, and an open door was located on the east side. By applying the heat release rate curve of BESS fires, this study examined: (1) the influence of six different installation positions ranging from an indoor corner to the doorway, (2) the influence of progressively reducing the installation space, and (3) the effect of installation distance on fire spread risk for BESS units with either steel or ABS-steel composite casings.
The results indicate that when combustible materials are present indoors, flashover may occur regardless of the installation configuration. This risk is particularly pronounced when the BESS is positioned near a corner and far from a ventilation opening, where flashover occurred as early as 193 seconds, and the fire-resistance temperature limit of building components exceeded at 2,880 seconds. Furthermore, as the available storage space decreases, the hazard becomes more severe, with flashover occurring as early as 174 seconds and fire-resistance performance reduced to 2,520 seconds. Even in the absence of other combustible materials, insufficient clearance between the BESS and the wall may still result in the failure of fire-resistance components. In the analysis of installation distance and fire spread, when the distance between ESS units was less than the 0.9 m specified in current standards, internal temperature assessments showed that neither the steel nor the ABS–steel composite casing reached the ignition temperature. In conclusion, current installation guidelines are effective in providing fire protection for indoor BESS, but they must be strictly followed; additionally, increasing wall thickness could also be considered to further enhance fire protection.

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