本研究旨在探討製造商由兩家具非對稱組件品質之供應商採購，並產出品質差異化商品，其商品品質可分為低品質與高品質，且兩種商品皆具確定需求。製造商採用供應商所提供之低品質組件及現有製程生產低品質商品；另採用另一家供應商提供之高品質組件，並開發新製程以生產高品質商品。惟因新製程其良品比率未臻完善，故而產出若干未符合高品質規格之商品，然若該商品可符合低品質規格，則可向下替代現有技術生產之低品質商品。透過雙重來源下之賽局理論模型，本研究深入探討供應商之價格決策以及製造商之訂購與生產決策。
本研究核心的重點有三：(1)藉由參數分析可得知，增加商品差異化程度或者較高良品比率之高品質商品並不一定能為製造商帶來更高的利潤。(2)另根據製造商之訂購策略可分為雙重來源策略與單一來源策略，本研究透過分析發現製造商應選擇雙重來源策略來獲取更多利益。(3)本研究進一步探討製造商提升高品質商品良品比率之決策；通過參數分析顯示，當製造商將良品比率改善視為決策變數，則於供應商決定價格決策前，製造商應先行決定其高品質商品之良品比率，則能獲取更多利益。

This thesis examined the impact of the manufacturer’s downward substitution in a supply chain. The manufacturer adopts the existing process to produce the low-quality product with components from the low component-quality supplier. Meanwhile, the manufacturer also develops a new process to produce high-quality products with components from a high component-quality supplier. The new process has an imperfect yield, and products that do not meet the specifications for high-quality products can be converted into low-quality products. This study investigated the suppliers’ price decisions and the manufacturer’s ordering and production decisions in a game-theoretical model under dual sourcing.
This study is divided into three possible scenarios: (1) The parameter analysis revealed that the manufacturer can not necessarily get higher profit by increasing product differentiation or higher yield of high-quality products. (2) In light of the manufacturer’s ordering strategy, it can be divided into dual-sourcing and single-sourcing. According to the analysis, this study showed that a manufacturer should select dual-sourcing to get higher profit. (3) This study further explored the manufacturer’s decision-making on improving the yield rate of high-quality production. The numerical analysis revealed that the manufacturer benefits from setting the yield rate of high-quality products ahead of the suppliers’ price decisions.

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