| 研究生: | 詹家旺 Chan, Chia-Wang | 
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: | 框組壁式木構造承重牆火害後承重性能之研究 A Study of the Load-Bearing Performance of Wooden Framing Platform Walls After a Fire | 
| 指導教授: | 曾俊達 Tzeng, Chun-Ta | 
| 學位類別: | 碩士 Master | 
| 系所名稱: | 規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture | 
| 論文出版年: | 2010 | 
| 畢業學年度: | 98 | 
| 語文別: | 中文 | 
| 論文頁數: | 135 | 
| 中文關鍵詞: | 木構造 、承重牆 、承重性能 、耐火性能 | 
| 外文關鍵詞: | Wood Framing, Load-Bearing walls, Load-Bearing Performance, Fire Resistance Performance | 
| 相關次數: | 點閱:179 下載:8 | 
| 分享至: | 
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 | 
目前全球積極推動永續建築,由於國內建築常採用鋼筋混凝土構造或鋼骨構造,對能源消耗及環境衝擊影響甚鉅,與綠建築指標相較之下,木構造建築是最符合環保之健康綠建築,具低污染、低耗能、施工快捷、耐震及有益健康等優點,較符合我國永續發展的綠建築政策。政府近年來亦積極推廣木構造建築之發展,以期達到環保、永續、健康之綠建築與永續環境之願景。
內政部建築研究所於民國93年進行「木構造區劃牆耐火性能設計與驗證研究」協同研究計畫,研究內容主要針對框組壁式工法建築物區劃牆為研究對象,框組壁式牆體參考國外2×4及2×6工法施作,進行該工法之組構條件對耐火性能之影響分析。
本研究為持續驗證木構造建築耐火性能,以框組壁式木構造承重牆為研究對象,配合國科會執行「木構造承重牆耐火性能驗證研究」之研究計畫,進行承重牆全尺度加載與加熱實驗,探討框組壁式木構造承重牆受火害後之牆體變形情形及耐火性能,並分析受高溫影響下載重對木構材間柱承重能力之影響,實驗方法係依據國內現行的耐火試驗規範CNS 12514「建築物構造部份耐火試驗法」,主要研究目的以實驗方法探討框組壁式木構造承重牆之承重性能及其破壞時間與預定防火時效之差異性,是否能夠滿足建築技術規則1小時防火時效性能之規定要求,以建構國內框組壁式木構造防火研究之完整性及框組壁式木構造承重牆未來研究之基礎。
由「木構造區劃牆耐火性能設計與驗證研究」,試體以非承重牆進行耐火測試,其防火時效等級皆可達1小時時效,本研究承重牆第一組試體防火時效僅30分鐘,第二組試體防火時效未達30分鐘,探討其原因主要在於牆體加熱面在火害衝擊下,一但覆蓋板系統崩落,即無法對木構材間柱形成保護作用,而使間柱直接受火燃燒,在無加載條件下,此情形僅構造本身熱應力造成變形,但不至破壞非加熱面覆蓋板,進而失去遮焰性能,本次實驗因具加載條件,因此當加熱面覆蓋板系統崩落時,間柱直接受火燃燒,以致於在承重狀態下除熱應力影響再加上炭化部分降低強度,而形成彎矩力,加速牆體變形進而降低遮焰性能,因此關鍵在於覆蓋板性能,依據「木構造建築物設計及施工技術規範-第九章建築物之防火」所設計之1小時防火時效系統,框組壁式木構造承重牆體之加熱面應增加覆蓋板厚度及層數,以防止覆蓋板提早崩落間柱直接曝火燃燒降低承重性能而產生挫屈破壞。
At present the whole world impels to continue forever positively to construct, because the domestic construction often uses the reinforced concrete structure or the steel skeleton construction, which has really great energy consumption and the environment impact. In comparison to the protocol of green construction, wood construction has benefits of the low pollution, low energy consumption, quick construction, vibration-proof and health beneficial. It conformed to the green construction policy and the government also positively promotes the development wood construction in recent years in order to achieve the goals of environmental protection, permanency, healthy and forever prospect of the environment.
The Ministry of Interior constructed the research institute to carry on the coordination research project “the wood construction regionalization walls fireproof performance design and the confirmation research” in 2004. This research aimed at the frame group wall type labor law building regionalization wall. The building of the frame group wall of 2×4 and 2×6 referenced overseas protocol. Analysis was made on the effect of construction on the fireproof performance of the wall.
This research continued on the validation of the fireproof performance of the wooden structure. In corporate with the NSC funded project “Research on the fireproof performance of the wooden structure load bearing wall”, the frame type wooden structure bearing wall was the research subject. This project performed the full-scale loading and fire test on the load bearing wall in order to discuss the deformation after fire and its fireproof performance. Besides, the effect of high temperature on the load bearing capability was also analyzed. The test method follows CNS12514 “the building structure part fireproof testing method”. Focus is on the difference of destruction time and the predetermined fire protection effectiveness, whether can it satisfy the requirements of 1 hour fire protection performance according to the building code. Then we can construct the foundation on the wooden structure fire performance study for future reference.
From the research results, the specimen tested in no load bearing conditions met the 1 hr fire protection performance. On the two specimens tested in load bearing conditions, one met 30 min fire protection performance while the other failed on 30 min fire protection performance. The reason contributed mainly to fall of covering surface when heating. With out this covering surface, the wooden frame burns. Under no loading condition, this thermal load created distortion, but not strong enough to destroy the non-heating surface. Therefore, the fire performance held. In the loading condition, thermal stress combined with the carbonization lowered the strength of the structure and increased the destruction of the whole structure. Therefore, the key to the fire performance of the wooden structure load bearing wall is the performance of the covering materials. According to the 1 hour fire protection performance design in the “the wood construction building design and fire protection of the construction technique standard - ninth chapter of building”, the heating surface of the load-bearing wooden structure frame wall should increase the cover thickness of and the layers of the covering material to prevent from the failure.
■中文文獻
C01:曾俊達,「框組壁工法壁體防火性能驗證」,台、加合作《木質構造建築物之防火、防蟻、耐震及市場》研討會論文集,2004.12。
C02:陳啟仁,「木質建築物之防火設計硏擬現況」,台、加合作《木質構造建築物之防火、防蟻、耐震及市場》研討會論文集,2004.12。
C03:周智中、雷明遠,「木構造建築物防火性能技術規範及試驗基準之研究」,內政部建築研究所,台北市,1997。
C04:陳啟仁,「木構造防火基準之國際比較研究」,內政部建築研究所,台北市,2003.12。
C05:葉世文、曾俊達、蘇鴻奇,「木構造耐火性能設計與驗證研究」,內政部建築研究所,台北市,2004.12。
C06:曾俊達、蘇鴻奇 、葉世文,「框組式木構造區劃牆耐火性能驗證研究」,建築學報第59期,頁145-162,2007.3。
C07:何明錦,雷明遠,「木構造防火技術規範與集成材炭化特性之研究」,內政部建築研究所,台北市,2005.12。
C08:王泓翔,「框組式木構造無開口區劃牆防火構法之研究」,國立成功大學碩士論文,台南,2005.6。
C09:鍾學淵,「框組式木構造之開放性研究」,國立高雄第一科技大學碩士論文,高雄,2006.6。
C10:內政部營建署,「木構造建築物設計及施工技術規範」,內政部營建署,台北市,2008.10。
C11:加拿大木材集團,「台灣住宅平台式木構架建築施工法-優良施作法指南」,內政部營建署出版,2008。
C12:營建雜誌社,「建築技術規則」,營建雜誌社編印,台北,2009.2。
C13:洪育成,蕭瑞綺,「台灣的木建築與自然共舞的林中居所」,木馬文化,台北,2005。
C14:蔡兆陽,張維能,「台灣地區發展木構造建築可行性之研究」,財團法人中央營建技術顧問研究社,1994。
C15:黃信銘,「框組式木構造耐火性能與木構材炭化率之研究」,國立成功大學碩士論文,台南,2008.6。
C16:陳榮收,「框組式木構造牆體覆蓋板材火害後強度之研究」,國立成功大學碩士論文,台南,2008.6。
C17:CMHC,「房屋建築術語總匯」,加拿大房貸與住屋公司(CMHC),台北,1997。
C18:CMHC,「加拿大木結構房屋構造」,加拿大房貸與住屋公司(CMHC),台北,1998。
C19:經濟部標準檢驗局,「CNS 12514 建築物構造部分耐火試驗法」,經濟部標準檢驗局印行,2010.2。
C20:經濟部標準檢驗局,「CNS 14652 建築物防火詞彙-防火試驗用語」,經濟部標準檢驗局印行,2002.7。
C21:經濟部標準檢驗局,「CNS 14651 建築物防火辭彙-一般火災現象用語」,經濟部標準檢驗局印行,2002.7。
C22:經濟部標準檢驗局,「CNS 14631 框組壁工法結構用製材」,經濟部標準檢驗局印行,2002.4。
C23:經濟部標準檢驗局,「CNS 14632框組壁工法結構用縱接材」,經濟部標準檢驗局印行,2002.4。
C24:經濟部標準檢驗局,「CNS 14633框組壁工法結構用針葉樹製材之靜曲應力分等」,經濟部標準檢驗局印行,2002.4。
C25:經濟部標準檢驗局,「CNS 453木材抗壓試驗法」,經濟部標準檢驗局印行,2005.5。
■英文文獻
E01:AF&PA’s WFCM/ANSI Canvass Committee, “Wood Frame Construction Manual for One and Two-Family Dwellings”, American Wood Council. October 2001.
E02:Kodur, V.K.R., Sultan, M.A., Latour, J.C., Leroux, P. and Monette, R.C., “Fire Resistance Tests on Cellulose and Glass Fiber Insulated Wood Shear Walls”, National Research Council Canada, 2002.
E03:Sultan, M.A. and Lougheed, G.D., “Result of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Gypsum Board Wall Assemblies”, National Research Council Canada, 2002.
E04:V.K.R. Kodur, M.A. Sultan, “Performance of Wood Stud Shear Walls Exposed to Fire”, Fire and Materials, Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages: 9-16, January/February 2000.
E05:Bénichou, N., Morgan, D., “Structural Response Model for Wood Stud Wall Assemblies – Theory Manual”, National Research Council Canada, April 2003.
E06:Sultan, M.A., Bénichou, N., “Heat Exposure Measurements in Fire Resistance Wall and Floor Test Furnaces”, Structures in Fire, Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop, Ottawa, Ontario, May 10-11, pp. 1-9, 2004.
E07:Bénichou, N., Sultan, M.A., “Behaviour of Lightweight-framed Timber Construction Under Elevated Temperatures”, APEC Seminar – Fire Performance of Timber Construction, Wellington, N.Z., May 24-26, pp. 1-12, 2005. 
E08:L.R. Richardson, D.M. Onysko, “Fire-Endurance Testing of Building Constructions Containing Wood Members”, Fire and Materials, Volume 19, Issue 1, Pages: 29-33, January/February 1995.
E09:American National Standard, “ASTM E119-08 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials”, 2008.
E10:American National Standard, “ASTM D6513-08 Standard Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load on Wood-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Resistance Tests”, 2008.
E11:Phil Line, P.E., John “Buddy” Showalter, P.E., and Robert J. Taylor, Ph.D., P.Eng., “National Design Specification for Wood Construction”, 2005.
■日文文獻
J01:中村賢一、山田誠,日本建築學會,「框組壁工法による間仕切壁の耐火性に関する研究」,1994。
J02:中村賢一、山田誠,日本建築學會,「木造壁体の耐火性能評価に関する実驗」,2001。
J03:中村賢一、山田誠,「木造建築の防火設計」,1998。