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研究生: 紀國勛
CHI, Kuo-Xun
論文名稱: 基於下顎骨解剖構造表徵學習之 All-on-4® 植體配置生物力學預測
Anatomy-Aware Mandibular Representation Learning for Biomechanical Prediction of All-on-4® Implant Placement
指導教授: 林啟倫
Lin, Chi-Lun
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2026
畢業學年度: 114
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 91
中文關鍵詞: All-on-4®有限元素分析顎骨幾何特徵機器學習
外文關鍵詞: All-on-4®, Finite Element Analysis, Mandibular Geometric Features, Machine Learning
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  • All-on-4® 治療之植體配置涉及植入位置、長度、直徑及傾斜角度等多項設計參數,不同配置與患者顎骨幾何差異皆可能影響植體周圍骨組織之力學反應。有限元素分析雖可量化不同植體配置之生物力學表現,並結合最佳化演算法搜尋較佳設計,但反覆建模與計算所需時間龐大,限制其即時應用。因此,本研究建立一套納入患者下顎骨幾何特徵之生物力學指標預測方法,以快速預測不同 All-on-4® 植體配置下植體周圍骨組織之應力表現。
    本研究首先將六組真實患者下顎骨模型以固定體素間距轉換為 1283 之三維體素資料,並利用三維卷積自動編碼器將高維度顎骨體素資料壓縮為 128 維潛在特徵,作為患者顎骨幾何之低維數值化表徵,並透過自動化有限元素建模建立不同植體位置、長度、直徑及傾斜角度所對應之生物力學指標資料集。將顎骨特徵與植體配置參數共同輸入特徵線性調制模型 (Feature-wise Linear Modulation, FiLM),建立生物學指標預測模型。並採用 Leave-One-Subject-Out 交叉驗證方式,以評估模型對未參與訓練顎骨之跨個體預測能力。
    在最佳解鄰域之驗證中,六組顎骨各 20 個鄰近設計點之平均預測誤差介於 7.469% 至 14.558%,整體平均誤差為 10.257%。於最佳化搜尋前期、中期及後期代表點之驗證中,各階段平均預測誤差分別為 10.17%、10.13% 及 11.70%,共 18個設計點之整體平均誤差為 10.67%
    綜合上述結果,FiLM 模型於未參與訓練之臨床患者顎骨上,仍能根據顎骨幾何特徵與植體配置參數預測其生物力學指標,本研究所建立之 FiLM 模型具備應用於不同臨床顎骨條件下,快速評估 All-on-4® 植體配置生物力學表現之可行性,並具有作為有限元素分析代理模型及後續植體配置最佳化工具之潛力。

    All-on-4® implant placement involves multiple design parameters, while patient-specific mandibular geometry can influence peri-implant bone stress. Although finite element analysis (FEA) can evaluate biomechanical performance, repeated simulations are computationally expensive. This study developed a rapid biomechanical prediction model incorporating mandibular geometric features.
    Six patient-specific mandibular models were converted into 1283 voxel data and compressed into 128-dimensional latent features using a three-dimensional convolutional autoencoder. Automated FEA was used to generate biomechanical data for different implant configurations. Mandibular features and implant parameters were then integrated into a Feature-wise Linear Modulation (FiLM) model, and Leave-One-Subject-Out cross-validation was used to evaluate prediction performance on unseen mandibles.
    For 20 design points near the optimal solution of each mandible, the mean prediction error ranged from 7.469% to 14.558%, with an overall mean of 10.257%. Across 18 representative points from different optimization stages, the overall mean error was 10.67%.
    The results indicate that the FiLM model can provide rapid biomechanical predictions for unseen mandibular geometries and has potential as an FEA surrogate for All-on-4® implant configuration optimization.

    摘要 I Extended Abstract II 誌謝 VIII 目錄 IX 表目錄 XII 圖目錄 XIII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景及動機 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.2.1 All-on-4® 之臨床研究 2 1.2.2 All-on-4® 之生物力學研究 4 1.2.3 機器學習於有限元素分析代理模型之應用 6 1.3 研究目的 8 第二章 材料與方法 10 2.1 研究架構 10 2.2 臨床影像獲取與幾何模型建構 11 2.2.1 臨床下顎骨影像數據獲取 12 2.2.2 下顎骨三維實體模型生成 13 2.3 All-on-4® 有限元素模型 16 2.3.1 植體設計參數定義與支架平台 16 2.3.2 材料性質 19 2.3.3 網格劃分 20 2.3.4 邊界條件與負載條件 21 2.4 深度學習與最佳化演算法理論基礎 22 2.4.1 人工神經網路 22 2.4.2 卷積神經網路 25 2.5 顎骨幾何特徵提取 26 2.5.1 固定間距體素化與空間標準化 27 2.5.2 卷積神經網路幾何編碼模型架構 28 2.5.3 模型訓練策略與損失函數 29 2.5.4 低維度幾何特徵提取 30 2.6 生物力學指標預測模型 30 2.6.1 收集訓練數據集 31 2.6.2 FiLM模型架構設計 32 第三章 結果 36 3.1 下顎骨幾何特徵提取結果 36 3.1.1 體素化與空間標準化結果 36 3.1.2 三維卷積自動編碼器訓練結果 37 3.1.3 三維重建能力驗證 38 3.1.4 潛在幾何特徵分析 41 3.2 生物力學指標預測模型建構結果 43 3.2.1 FiLM 模型訓練之收斂結果 43 3.2.2 最佳解鄰域之預測結果 46 3.2.3 最佳化過程不同階段之預測能力分析 48 3.2.4 與既有預測模型之準確度比較 59 第四章 討論 63 4.1 顎骨幾何特徵提取與低維表徵之有效性 63 4.2 FiLM模型之訓練收斂與跨顎骨泛化能力 64 4.3 FiLM模型於最佳化關鍵區域與搜尋歷程之預測能力 65 4.4 FiLM模型相較既有預測模型之改善 67 4.5 研究侷限性 68 第五章 結論與未來發展 70 5.1 結論 70 5.2 未來發展 71 參考文獻 73

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