重複抑制（Repetition Suppression, RS）是指當重複看到相同的刺激，或是重複進行相同反應時，相關腦區之活化程度會顯著下降的現象。目前對於重複抑制是否是個自動化的現象或為一種需要投入注意力參與的歷程，仍是有所爭議。例如Jiang et al.（2000）呈現一連串臉孔，要求參與者對與樣本刺激相同的目標刺激進行反應，發現參與者對於重複出現的目標刺激（需要注意）與分心刺激（不需注意）皆呈現重複抑制，支持重複抑制是自動化現象的觀點。但Chun與Yi（2005）同時呈現疊合的（composite）風景與臉孔兩種刺激，要求參與者根據線索注意風景或臉孔中的一種是否改變，卻發現只有在初次出現與再次出現時皆是需注意的目標種類時，才會在對應腦區出現重複抑制，支持重複抑制需要注意力投入的看法。本研究欲檢驗對於目標與分心刺激所需要的不同注意程度，是否會影響重複抑制的產生與否。我們以Jiang et al.（2000）的實驗派典為基礎，並搭配Chun與Yi（2005）採用風景、臉孔兩種刺激的設計來進行修改，藉由目標刺激與分心刺激的種類變化進行注意力的操弄，以釐清注意力的投入與重複抑制之間的關聯。結果顯示不論分心刺激的種類與目標刺激相同與否，參與者對於重複出現的分心刺激皆會呈現重複抑制，支持重複抑制是一種自動化歷程的觀點。

Repetition Suppression (RS) refers to the phenomenon that when the same stimulus is repeated, the BOLD responses to it decrease in certain brain areas. It reminas unclear what exactly its underlying neural mechanism is. One theory suggests that RS is a perceptual-level automatic process; therefore it should remain the same regardless of attentional or task demand manipulations (e.g., Jiang et al., 2000). However, there are also several studies reported a different pattern suggesting that RS is not an automatic process and can be modulated by attention (Yi & Chun, 2005). One reason that why previous studies have yield different results might be the differences in the level of attention to the stimuli manipulated in those studies.
We reckon that when targets and distractors belong to very different categories, the distractors can be ignored immediately after the stimulus category is identified, thus receives minimum attention. And this may not be enough to produce RS (e.g., Yi & Chun, 2005). We modified the paradigm Jiang et al. (2000) used, adding a manipulation of using two categories of stimuli (face and scene), to investigation our hypothesis. The results indicate that RS can be found in stimulus-category related areas (ie. parahippocampal place area and fusiform face area) in all four conditions regardless of whether targets and distractors were from same category or not. In sum, our results support better the view that RS is an automatic process, at least in the paradigm we used.

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