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研究生：	特芮絲娜 Nurlianti, Erlin Tresna
論文名稱：	鈣鈦礦微結構之調控：成核與成長研究以及其對電池效應之影響 Perovskite With Controlled Microstructures: Nucleation and Growth Mechanism, and Its Effect on The Cell Performance
指導教授：	丁志明 Ting, Jyh-Ming
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 尖端材料國際碩士學位學程 International Curriculum for Advanced Materials Program
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	101
外文關鍵詞：	lead-free perovskite, chlorine inclusion, microstructure, solar cell
相關次數：	點閱：115 下載：4
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The performance of hybrid organometallic perovskite solar cell in the past two years has proven surpassed the conventional dye sensitized solar cell. Despite of the rapid progress, there are several drawbacks such as instability to air and moisture, and the use of toxic lead in the perovskite absorber layer. Sn based perovskite exhibits an absorption edge up to 1000 nm. However, the performance of Sn based perovskite of CH3NH3SnI3 is not as good as lead based perovskite of CH3NH3PbI3. The primary reason is the more severe oxidation of the CH3NH3SnI3. In this research we use chloride inclusion during formation of perovskite in Pb based perovskite to improve crystallinity of CH3NH3PbI3.
Herein, we perform material and optical characterization of crystal CH3NH3SnI3 with chloride inclusion to study the implication of the Cl on the properties of Sn based perovskite using one-step solution process by varying the precursor ratio, annealing temperature, annealing time and mixed Pb:Sn ratio. In this study we present the observation of chlorine inclusion to the crystal perovskite by X ray Photo spectroscopy and X Ray Diffraction, film morphology by using Scanning Electron Spectroscopy, as well as their implication to material properties by using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, photoluminescence and devices performances.

Acknowledgement	iii
Abstract	iv
Table of Contents	v
List of Table	ix
List of Figures	x
Introduction	1
1	Preface	1
2	Objective and Motivation	2
Fundamental Theory and Literature Review	5
1	General Introduction of Perovskite Material	5
1.1	General Description of Perovskite Structure	5
1.2	Electronic properties of Organometal Halide Perovskite	7
1.3	Optical properties of Organometal Halide Perovskite	8
2	Perovskite Based Solar Cell Devices	12
2.1	Type of perovskite solar cell architecture	12
2.1.1	Mesoporous perovskite solar cell	12
2.1.2	Meso-superstructure Perovskite Solar Cell (MSSC)	16
2.1.3	Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells	17
2.1.4	Perovskite Tandem Solar Cell	19
2.1.5	Lead-free perovskite solar cell	21
Experimental	23
1	Solar Cell Fabrication	23
1.1	Substrate Cleaning & Etching	23
1.2	TiCl4 treatment	25
1.3	Compact Layer Spray Pyrolisis	25
1.4	Mesoporous TiO2 Deposition	26
1.5	Perovskite Synthesis & Deposition	26
1.5.1	One step deposition	27
1.5.2	Sequential step deposition	28
1.6	Hole transport material deposition	29
1.7	Metal contact deposition	29
2	Characterization technique	30
2.1	X-ray Diffraction (XRD)	30
2.2	Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)	32
2.3	Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)	33
2.4	X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS)	36
2.5	UV-Vis NIR Spectrometer	37
2.6	Micro-photoluminescence	39
3	Solar-Cell Measurement	42
3.1	Solar cell simulator	42
3.2	Current-voltage (IV) measurement	45
3.2.1	Short circuit current (Jsc)	46
3.2.2	Open Circuit Voltage (Voc)	48
3.2.3	Maximum Power (PMAX), Current at PMAX (IMP), Voltage at PMAX (VMP)	49
3.2.4	Fill Factor (FF)	50
3.2.5	Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE)	51
3.2.6	Shunt Resistance (RSH) and Series Resistance (RS)	52
Result & Discussion	53
1	Perovskite Material Characterization	53
1.1	Effect of Precursor Ratio into crystallinity	53
1.2	Effect of chlorine inclusion in the atomic level	61
1.3	Degradation of perovskite in different precursor ratio	63
1.4	Effect of Annealing Temperature to crystallinity	65
1.5	Effect of annealing time to crystallinity	67
1.6	Effect of mixed metal cation (Pb:Sn) to crystallinity	68
1.7	Phase formation of perovskite under TEM observation	69
2	Optical properties of perovskite	72
2.1	Effect of precursor ration into optical properties	72
2.2	Effect annealing temperature into optical properties	77
2.3	Effect of annealing time into optical properties	79
2.4	Effect of different Pb:Sn ratio into optical properties	81
3	Device Characterization	82
3.1	Effect of structure change by varying precursor ratio of MAI:SnCl2	82
3.2	Effect of ratio of metal halide precursor (PbI2:SnCl2)	86
Conclusion	90
References	92

                                    

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