研究背景：隨著醫療科技的進步，早產兒存活人數逐年增加，這些存活下來的早產兒仍可能在出院後持續出現呼吸系統、腦部疾病、餵食困難等健康問題，因而須針對這些問題進行早產兒母親之出院準備，以減少母親之照護焦慮及壓力。然而，臨床護理人員著重於出院準備衛教內容的完整性，對於母親的出院準備度包含如其身、心與家庭支持準備度等之評估較缺乏，致使早產兒母親的出院準備度狀態及其影響因素仍未知。
研究目的：本研究探討早產兒母親出院準備程度及其影響因素。
研究方法：採橫斷性研究，在南部某醫學中心的病嬰室，以方便取樣招募出生週數<37週早產兒的母親作為研究對象。在早產兒出院前1-5天，測量母親出院準備度、自我效能及護理專業支持，後以描述性統計描述早產兒及其母親特徵、早產兒母親的出院準備度、自我效能以及護理專業支持之狀態；以皮爾森積差相關分析、單因子變異數分析、及Mann-Whitney U之無母數分析解釋早產兒因素、早產兒母親因素和母親出院準備度之相關性；以多元線性迴歸分析了解基本特徵、自我效能、護理專業支持等因素對母親出院準備度之影響程度。
研究結果：共納入100位平均年齡33.8歲的早產兒母親。其早產兒出生週數約為32.8週（範圍=23+2-36+6週）、出生體重約為1816.8公克（範圍=405-3700公克）、住院天數範圍為3-180天。出院前母親出院準備學習次數範圍為2-13次；母親在出院準備度項目平均數為7.82±1.61分（每題分數範圍為0-10分），顯示母親出院準備度高；自我效能項目平均數為2.88±0.6分（每題分數範圍為1-4分），屬中等程度；護理支持項目平均數為4.64±0.45分（每題分數範圍為1-5分），顯示母親感受到高程度的護理支持度。母親因素除母親年齡 [r (98) = -.15, p= .13) ]外，自我效能 [r (98) = .49, p < .01) ]、護理專業支持 [r (98) = .51, p < .01) ]和母親出院準備度有顯著中度正相關；學習時間 [r (98) = .20, p < .05) ] 和母親出院準備度有顯著低度正相關。而早產兒因素中除出生體重外，其住院天數 [r (98) = .22, p < .05) ] 和母親出院準備度有顯著低度正相關，出生週數 [r (98) = -.27, p < .05) ]則和母親出院準備度有低度負相關。以Mann-Whitney U之無母數分析結果顯示，採陰道生產 (p < .05)、有照顧經驗 (p < .01)、到院會客沒有陪伴者 (p < .05)、接受早產兒衛教 (p < .01) 的母親其出院準備度顯著較高。多元線性迴歸分析結果顯示，母親照顧新生兒經驗 (β = .238, p < .05) 、母親自我效能 (β = .282, p < .01) 及護理專業支持 (β = .343, p < .001) 和母親出院準備度有顯著關係，母親過去有照顧新生兒的經驗、獲得的護理專業支持越高、自我效能越高，出院準備度越高。
結論：早產兒母親出院準備度會受到照顧經驗、母親自我效能及護理專業支持的影響，故建議臨床可將母親出院準備度、自我效能及護理專業支持納入早產兒出院準備評估項目，針對沒有照顧經驗的媽媽加強衛教的完整性並提供心理上的支持，及早了解母親的學習需求及準備狀態，並擬訂合適的教學內容，同時提供母親返家後的早產兒相關照護資源及諮詢管道，以提升母親的出院準備度。

With advancements in medical technology, the survival rate of premature infants has increased. However, these infants often face health challenges such as respiratory problems, brain diseases, and feeding difficulties after discharge. Discharge preparation can reduce maternal anxiety, yet nurses primarily focus on education rather than assessing maternal readiness. This cross-sectional study used convenience sampling to survey mothers of preterm infants in a medical center in southern Taiwan. Using questionnaires to collect demographic data, infant characteristics, and maternal learning status. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney U test explored factors influencing maternal discharge readiness, followed by multiple regression analysis. Results from 100 participants showed that the mother's average score for discharge readiness items was 7.82±1.61 points, indicating that mothers were highly prepared for discharge; the average score for self-efficacy items was 2.88±0.6 points, which was a medium level; the average score for nursing support items was 4.64±0.45 points, indicating that mothers felt a high degree of nursing support. Caring experience (β = .238, p < .05), maternal self-efficacy (β = .328, p < .001), and nursing support (β = .349, p < .001) significantly influenced discharge readiness. Findings suggest that assessing discharge readiness, self-efficacy, and nursing support is essential. Providing tailored education, resources, and consultation can enhance maternal preparedness for their preterm infants’ discharge.

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