本文的研究目的為探討多孔介質燃燒於不同氫氣火焰形態的燃燒特性與氮氧化物生成之研究。輸入熱量為162.5-812.5 W(氫氣流率1.0-5.0 L/min)，當量比範圍介於0.2-0.5，無因次流速(V*)範圍介於1.0-11.19。多孔介質材料分別為碳化矽(OB-SiC)、三氧化二鋁(Al2O3)、與二氧化鋯(ZrO2)，其孔洞分佈為60與30 PPI (Pores per inch)。本文中，多孔介質的排列分別為Type I-V。Type I-III的固體材質為OB-SiC、Al2O3與ZrO2，Type IV與V則是將固定上游材質為OB-SiC，下游則分別為Al2O3與ZrO2。透過實驗結果分析得知，氫氣火焰形態會受到無因次流速的質擴散力與多孔介質之熱擴散力的不同而有所變化。在多孔介質的孔洞分佈為60與30 PPI配置時(dm=0.2-0.4 mm)，低當量比操作下因較低的熱擴散力，火焰穩駐於下游多孔介質表面形成表面燃燒。提高當量比後(=0.25-0.35)，因增加熱擴散力(火焰速度與反應溫度)與固體介質的熱傳效應，提高多孔介質內的溫度進而使氫氣火焰轉換成內部燃燒。而當量比在0.4以上操作，過高的火焰速度與燃燒室溫度的提升會由內部燃燒轉變成錐形火焰。透過燃燒尾氣量測與化學反應計算探討氮氧化物生成分析可知。低當量比操作時反應溫度較低且火焰位於燃燒室的中下游處，燃燒尾氣在燃燒室內的滯流時間較短可有效的降低氮氧化物生成反應的時間；加上燃燒產物中自由基濃度(O、H與HO2)較低可減少氮氧化物生成機制所需之反應物，透過此兩種機制可抑制氮氧化物生成反應的進行。此外在表面燃燒時因反應溫度較低且滯留時間較短易造成氫氣轉換率下降；並且當火焰形態轉變成錐形火焰過程中，低熱擴散力的多孔介質會造成局部熄焰的現象，因反應不完全而造成低氫氣轉換率。在高輸入熱量與高當量比時，因反應溫度的提高，氫氣轉換率皆有明顯改善。無因次溫度的分析的探討中，可知不同火焰形態的熱傳機制會影響無因次溫度的高低。在表面與內部燃燒時，無因次溫度大多為0.75以上。輸入熱量為487.5 W以上時(=0.3)，Type I配置可形成氫氣超焓火焰(*=1.01-1.04)，Type II-V配置也有趨近於絕熱火焰溫度的表現(*=0.85-1.0)。綜合溫度分佈、燃燒產物分析與無因次溫度的討論分析，進而找出多孔介質燃燒器的最佳操作範圍。在輸入熱量為325 W以上，當量比介於0.25-0.3之間，具有高氫氣轉換率(＞0.92)與熱回收率(*＞0.75)並低氮氧化物生成(0-1 ppm)的操作特性，為本研究中多孔介質燃燒室的最佳操作範圍。利用上述結果，可做為高穩定性與低污染排放之小型燃燒器(＜1.0 kW)設計上參考依據，以發展符合國際低污染排放法規下節能並高效率的燃燒技術。

This study investigated the heat recovery rates of hydrogen flame modes in porous medium combustion. The porous medium was oxide-bonded silicon carbide (OB-SiC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or zirconia (ZrO2) with 60 or 30 PPI. The results indicated that the reaction temperature of a flame mode was controlled by the equivalence ratio (Flame velocity), thermal load and solid medium thermal properties (k and CP). The operation region of the flame modes was controlled by the equivalence ratio and dimensionless velocity (V*). Under ultra-lean conditions (=0.2-0.25), the flame was blown out when the dimensionless velocity was above 4.5 for OB-SiC and Al2O3 settings. In contrast no blow out occurred for the ZrO2 setting and under a high equivalence ratio (＞0.4), and the flame mode was a conical flame when the dimensionless velocity was above unity. The heat recovery mechanism of surface and interior combustion was based on the conduction and radiation of the porous medium. The dimensionless temperature (*) is defined as the ratio of the reaction temperature over the adiabatic flame temperature. When the dimensionless temperature was unity, the reaction temperature approached the adiabatic flame temperature. Under interior combustion, the maximum dimensionless temperature was 0.994 for the OB-SiC (=0.3) setting. Furthermore, the maximum dimensionless temperature was 0.942 for Al2O3 and 0.969 for ZrO2 under operation at =0.3. The heat recovery rate of hydrogen combustion under surface and interior combustion was thus higher than that of the conical flame mode.

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