本研究中，我們用PDMS、壓克力、回收聚丙烯展示了一個簡單環保且低成本的水溶性顆粒製程來製造超疏水表面。這結果顯示了在蓮花效應的情況下(CA>150° and SA<10°)，不同的材料對應不同的尺寸的大小。
在初步的實驗中，利用PDMS透過不同尺度的填充材料來製備超疏水表面，而形成微米的肋骨狀和微米的石頭狀的突起物，這個方法雖然解決了大面積和成本的問題，但是過程中還是要使用到硫酸來做修飾，為了避免使用化學藥品而進一步的改進方法。第二個實驗利用水溶性顆粒被壓力壓入暫時溶解的壓克力中，待溶劑揮發掉以後用水清洗表面而生成很多微米結構，這樣的製程不需要昂貴的設備就可以製造出大面積的超疏水表面，而且水可以回收利用烤乾以後形成新的鹽顆粒，在沒有鍍膜以前的接觸角可以達到150度但是滑動角大於10度，在60℃的鍍膜以後，滑動角可以小於10度而達到超疏水，但是也因為這個改良的方法依然要使用少量的化學藥品來暫時溶解基材，而且也需要透過額外的鍍膜才能有效的達到超疏水標準，因此再透過此一水溶性方法往下延伸去找出可以不需要化學藥品而達到環保的製程。後來我們使用回收的聚丙烯(rPP)和海鹽，在rPP表面上形成孔洞，A等級沒有鍍膜情況下可以達到超疏水的現象，等級B在標準的邊緣，而又將A等級成功地製作於曲面上，在這個製程中，完全沒有用到有害的化學藥品，所以是一個兼具環保，低成本且可以施作於3D形狀結構物上的製程技術，而這是這個實驗中最能達到環保且低成本的製程。最後透過這個方法製作超疏水的表面，將PDMS澆置在rPP的模子上，然後脫模，就可以得到半透明的超疏水膜，在可見光的透光率部分，等級B~D約為75~80%，而等級A約為85~90%，而使用綠色的雷射筆測是可以發現光穿透以後會有散射的情況發生，大約是0.5cm變成7.7cm的直徑。

In this study, we presented a facile environmentally friendly and low cost water-dissolved filler (salt grain) process for fabricating large area super-hydrophobic surfaces using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), acrylic, and recycled polypropylene (rPP, as a duplication template). The results show that different materials with different grain size levels can exhibit the lotus effect of CA>150° and SA<10°.
In the beginning, different levels of salt grain sizes were used to examine the filler size effect on fabricating the super-hydrophobic surfaces and on the hydrophobic mechanism involved. The super-hydrophobic characteristic is achieved mainly by the large micro rib-like structures, small micro rock-like bumps, and textures on the bump due to the fillers.
The above method was successful but needed using sulfur acid chemical (H2SO4) to decorate the surface during the fabrication process, and therefore was not environmentally friendly. Hence, the next step was to avoid chemicals as much as possible by pressing the salt grain fillers into acrylic by pressure and a solvent. Then the fillers were dissolved in water by rinsing to create micro-scale structures on the acrylic. The process used no costly equipment, and was capable of making large surfaces while salt grains could be recycled after rinsing by heating. Most of the fabricated surfaces without any coating have contact angles greater than 150° but slide angles larger than 10°. After coating with PDMS gas at 60℃, all the fabricated surfaces become super-hydrophobic with slide angles less than 10°. However, this process also needed some chemical to temporarily dissolve the base material, and coating by the PDMS gas for the lotus effect. Thus, a green and low process was explored.
For the green process, we used recycled polypropylene (rPP) and also salt grains to fabricate curved super-hydrophobic surfaces. Surface cavities on rPP were formed by salt fillers. The surface made by grain size level A (without coating) reaches the super-hydrophobic condition of CA>150° and SA<10°; whereas, that by grain size level B marginally fulfills the criteria. Thus, grain size level A was further used to fabricate curved super-hydrophobic surfaces. In this successful fabricating process, no harmful chemicals were used while rPP was selected for the green purpose. That is, the process is environmentally friendly, low cost, and flexible for various three dimensional surface shapes. This process reaches the low cost green goal.
The green rPP process was further developed to make transparent surfaces. By casting the colloid of PDMS on a template made of rPP for structural duplication. Translucent super-hydrophobic surfaces were fabricated greenly without using any complicated method. The surface structure of the rPP template was made by water dissolved salt grain fillers using hot embossing. The measured percentages of light transmittance are about 75~80% for grain size levels B, C and D, and about 85~90% for size level A, for the visible wavelength from 400 to 800 nm. Moreover, a green laser light can be diffused from a spot size of 0.5 cm to about 7.7 cm in diameter and the related glaring is also eliminated.

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