隨著人口及工業快速成長，農業、養殖業及民生家戶排放大量營養鹽進入水體中，導致水體優養化，加上全球暖化的持續，提供藍綠菌良好生長條件。藍綠菌大量生長將導致大量之二次代謝物，例如:臭味物質、藍綠菌毒素及藍綠菌胜肽等，使傳統淨水廠之處理難度增加。近年的研究中發現，儘管淨水廠原水中藍綠菌之濃度低，但仍然會累積於處理流程單元內，持續釋放藍綠菌代謝物污染水質。因此我們必須評估藍綠菌代謝物在淨水廠之處理成效，以保障民眾在飲用水之健康安全。
本研究模擬鳳山及蘭潭淨水廠之操作條件進行實驗室實驗，發現混凝沉澱能有效去除水中藻細胞，並去除細胞內代謝物，但無法去除胞外代謝物；混凝沉澱去除效果受藻細胞大小影響，較大的微囊藻細胞去除效果較較小的擬魚腥藻細胞去除效果佳。在沉澱物中的藍綠菌仍能存活長達7天，並在第48小時開始釋出胞內2-MIB。而前加氯氧化雖然能抑制沉澱物中藻類活性，但將使藻細胞破裂，並加速胞內物質釋出，增加淨水處理之難度。在過濾實驗中，絲狀擬魚腥藻之去除效果較單顆粒微囊藻來得佳。於無前氧化的實驗中，發現截留於濾料內之擬魚腥藻在第60小時開始，因細胞破裂使胞內2-MIB釋出，並在第108小時測出流水濃度為進流水濃度之2.6倍。而在前加氯實驗組中，可以延長過濾管柱之濾程，但將使藻細胞破裂受損，胞內代謝物釋出進入水中，並直接貫穿過濾管柱。整體而言，在淨水廠中混凝、沉澱及過濾應視為一系列之處理程序，來達到最佳之去除效果。
在鳳山及蘭潭淨水廠快濾池濾料中皆有藻類累積之情形，且經反洗程序後仍無法完全去除，在反洗程序前表層藻類數量高達105 cells/g，其中皆發現有藍綠菌之蹤跡，半數以上之藍綠菌具有產臭味及微囊藻毒素之可能性。在濾料中藍綠菌形態上發現以大型絲狀藻佔比較單顆粒藻來得高，證實過濾實驗中，擬魚腥藻之去除效果較微囊藻來得佳。
根據過去淨水廠MC-LR去除效果發現，台灣6座淨水廠皆有MC-LR貫穿處理流程之情形，將各水廠之去除效果經計算求得不同覆蓋風險之淨水廠原水中最大可承受細胞數(MTC)，在覆蓋風險50 %下27,703-252,000 cells/mL，在覆蓋風險90 %下3,078-28,000 cells/mL，提供各淨水廠作為原水管理工具之一。由於目前WHO僅針對MC-LR提出指引值，透過公式計算求得其餘藍綠菌胜肽之推估濃度規範值，其毒性大小排列為：MC-LR (1 µg/L )>AP-B(8.1 µg/L) >AP-A(970 µg/L) >>MG527(43,000 µg/L) >MG690(大於180,000 µg/L)。儘管目前在環境中所檢測到之濃度皆低於推估濃度值，但當水中同時具有MC-LR與AP-B時對水蚤具有協同毒性，因此未來仍需要做好水質控管，確保民眾之休憩及飲用水安全。

Presence of cyanobacteria and their secondary metabolites, such as taste and odor compounds, cyanotoxins, and cyanopeptides in water resources is a public health issue. In conventional water treatment processes, the cyanobacteria may accumulate in the sediments of sedimentation tanks or in filters and release the intracellular metabolites into processed water. Therefore, removal of two cyanobacteria and their major metabolites in coagulation/flocculation (C/F) and sedimentation, and filtration processes were examined, simulating the operational parameters used in Feng-Shan and Lan-Tan water treatment plants. Because of the cell shape and size, Microcystis has a better removal efficiency by C/F and sedimentation, and Pseudanabaena is easier to be removed by the filtration process. Those retained cells may rupture and release intercellular metabolites after two days in sludge or three days in the filter columns. Pre-chlorination can inhibit the algae activity and prevent their growth in sediment and filter material and enhance cell removal efficiency in sedimentation processes. However, that also causes cells to break and release the intercellular metabolites into water.
Maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of Microcystis under different confidence intervals in Taiwan WTPs was calculated based on the removal efficiency and cell quota in different water treatment plants (WTPs) in Taiwan. The method was also used to evaluate the risk of cyanopeptides in this study. The MTC is 3×103 - 2×104 cells/mL (covering 90% risk level), and 2×104 - 2×105 cells/mL (50%) if compared with the guideline value of WHO for MC-LR. In addition, the order of toxicity transformed from IC50 to guideline value is: MC-LR (1 µg/L)>AP-B (8.1 µg/L) >AP-A(970 µg/L) >>MG527(43,000 µg/L) >MG690(> 180,000 µg/L). Since the WHO only proposes a guideline value (GV) for MC-LR, the estimated concentration GV of these cyanopeptides can be one of the strategies for water management. Although the concentrations currently detected in the environment were much lower than the estimated concentrations, the synergistic toxicity should not be ignored.

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