成功大學博碩士論文系統

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	黃能乾 Huang, Neng-Chyan
論文名稱：	肝血管肉瘤之流行病學研究調查：特別有關於環境危害因子之調查 The Epidemiology of Hepatic Angiosarcoma: with Focus on Environmental Risk Factors
指導教授：	郭浩然 Guo, How-Ran
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	醫學院 - 環境醫學研究所 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
論文出版年：	2013
畢業學年度：	101
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	53
中文關鍵詞：	肝血管肉瘤、氯乙烯單體、砷、病毒性肝炎、化學治療、輔助性化學治療、肝動脈灌注化學治療
外文關鍵詞：	Hepatic angiosracoma, vinyl chloride, arsenic, viral hepatitis, chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, recurrence, survival
相關次數：	點閱：129 下載：3
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

研究背景：肝血管肉瘤為臨床上一種罕見之肝癌，通常都會致命，根據30年前一篇回顧性文獻的探討，發現病患2年的存活率只有3%。砷和氯乙烯單體是其兩種常見的致病物質，而臺灣地區為肝癌的盛行地區，但是有關於肝血管肉瘤的流行病學資料卻相當貧乏，隨著醫療照顧的進步，病患的存活均有在進步，所以我們在一間教學醫院醫學中心，進行病例觀察回溯之研究，以進行及評估氯乙烯單體、砷、及病毒性肝炎對於肝血管肉瘤發生的影響，並評估及確認所有能延長病患存活的治療方法及策略。
研究材料與方法：我們在一間鄰近氯乙烯單體加工區及地下水砷污染地區的教學醫院醫學中心，進行病歷回溯性的研究，調查及蒐集在西元2000年1月起至2010年8月間，經病理診斷為肝血管肉瘤之20歲以上的成人病患，進行下列2項子題的研究：(1) 評估環境致癌物例如氯乙烯單體、砷、及病毒性肝炎在臺灣地區與肝血管肉瘤發生的相關性；(2) 評估影響肝血管肉瘤病患長期預後及存活的預測因子。本研究同時進行文獻回顧，調查及蒐集臺灣地區肝血管肉瘤之病例及相關資訊，以利將來之研究調查，同時比較病患存活未超過2年的病患和存活超過2年者，整理及歸納其於臨床特徵表現上的差異及其接受治療的方法及策略，一併納入分析。
研究結果：於研究(1)發現在研究醫院中總共有6名男性及3位女性病患，年齡從56至83歲(64.6±8.2歲)，男性及女性病患在臨床特徵的表現上，並無統計上明顯的差異，沒有任何病患曾經有氯乙烯單體或砷暴露的病史，2名病患有C型肝炎的病史，但無病患有B型肝炎感染的病史。在臺灣地區病例報告的文獻中，現在有5名男性及4位女性病患，年齡從30至82歲(58.6±15.5歲)，其中包括2名有砷暴露病史及1名慢性B型肝炎感染的病患。於研究(2)發現在研究期間總共有3503原發性肝癌病患造訪此研究醫院，其中有9名肝血管肉瘤病患，其中有3人(33.3%)存活超過2年，其中1名未接受手術治療者存活了24個月，其他2名病患接受手術治療及術後化學治療，分別存活了32及37個月。在文獻上發現臺灣地區有3名病例報告存活超過2年，其中1名未接受手術治療者存活了42個月，其他2名病患接受肝節切除術及術後化學治療或放射治療，分別存活了24及40個月。在文獻上也發現在臺灣地區以外有8名病例報告存活超過2年，其中包括1名僅接受化學治療而未接受手術治療者存活了53個月。存活未超過2年的病患和存活超過2年的病患，在臨床特徵的表現上，並無統計上明顯的差異。
結論：肝血管肉瘤在臺灣地區為臨床上之罕見疾病，本研究並未發現有環境毒物或致癌物如氯乙烯單體、砷、及病毒性肝炎，對於肝血管肉瘤的發生有扮演明確的致病角色，而肝血管肉瘤病患的存活則有長足的進步，在部份的病患身上可以觀察到，合併手術及輔助性化學治療，可以促進病患的長期存活。對於多發性腫瘤合併轉移的病患，即使只接受單一化學治療，例如肝動脈灌注化學治療，也能達到有限但是較佳的存活及預後。

Background: Hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS) is a rare type of liver cancer that is often fatal. A review of the literature more than three decades ago found that only 3% of patients survived for more than 2 years. Arsenic and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) are two major causal agents. Although Taiwan is an endemic area for liver cancer, epidemiological data on HAS are limited. With the advancement of medical care, the survival may have been improved. Therefore, we conducted a study to review the cases observed at a teaching hospital to evaluate the roles of VCM, arsenic and viral hepatitis in the occurrence of HAS and to identify treatment modalities that may lead to long term survival.
Materials and Methods: The medical records from January 2000 to August 2010 were reviewed for patients older than 20 years who had pathological proof of HAS. The records were from a teaching hospital which is adjacent to the major VCM processing area in Taiwan and near an endemic area of arsenic exposure from drinking water. We conducted the study with two aims: (1) To evaluate the associations between environmental carcinogens, including VCM, arsenic and viral hepatitis and the occurrence of HAS in this area. (2) To evaluate the predictive factors for long term survival of HAS patients. In addition to cases identified in the study area, we conducted a review of the literature on HAS and included the data in our further analyses. Furthermore, we compared those who survived for 2 years or more with those who did not and summarized their clinical characteristics and treatment modality.
Results: In study (1), six male and three female cases aged from 56 to 83 years (64.6±8.2 years) were identified at the hospital. The differences in clinical features between men and women were not statistically significant. None of them had exposure to VCM or arsenic in drinking water. Two had evidence of hepatitis C infection, but none had evidence of hepatitis B infection. Five male and four female cases aged 30 to 82 years (58.6±15.5 years) were identified in the literature, including two with arsenic exposure and one with chronic hepatitis B infection. In study (2), among the 3,503 patients with primary liver cancer who visited the hospital during the study period, 9 had HAS and 3 (33.3%) of them survived for 2 years or more. One survived for 24 months without surgical resection, the other two received surgery with postoperative chemotherapy and were still alive 32 and 37 months after the onset respectively. Through the review of the literature, we identified three more patients in Taiwan who had survived for two years or more. One survived for 42 months without surgical resection, the other two received segmentectomy with postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy and were still alive 24 and 40 months after the onset respectively. We also identified eight such cases outside Taiwan, including one who received chemotherapy without surgery and survived for 53 months. None of the differences in the characteristics between those who had and had not survived for 2 years or more reached statistical significance.
Conclusion: HAS is rare in Taiwan. We found no evidence supporting a major role of environmental toxin or carcinogen such as VCM, arsenic in drinking water, or viral hepatitis in its occurrence. The survival of HAS patients has improved greatly. A combination of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy may achieve long term survival in a substantial proportion of patients with HAS. Nonetheless, chemotherapy alone, such as hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, may still lead to a limited but favorable survival in cases having multinodular tumors with metastasis.

中 文 目 錄
中文摘要....................................................I
英文摘要..................................................III
誌謝........................................................V
中文目錄...................................................VI
英文目錄.................................................VIII
表目錄......................................................X
圖目錄.....................................................XI
1. 導論.....................................................1
1.1 研究背景................................................1
1.2 研究目標................................................2
2. 研究材料及方法...........................................3
2.1 在一間教學醫院醫學中心鑑定蒐集病患......................3
2.2 病患在臨床上的評估......................................3
2.3 人體試驗委員會的認證....................................4
2.4 在文獻上鑑定蒐集病患....................................4
2.5 統計分析方法............................................5
2.6 研究樣本的估計..........................................5
3. 研究結果.................................................6
3.1 研究1：臺灣地區流行病學上及環境毒物或致癌物與肝血管肉瘤發病相關性的調查..............................................6
3.2 能夠導致肝血管肉瘤病患長期存活的治療方法及策略..........8
3.2.1 在一間教學醫院醫學中心鑑定蒐集的病患..................8
3.2.2 病例1.................................................8
3.2.3 病例2.................................................9
3.2.4 病例3................................................10
3.2.5 經由文獻上鑑定蒐集回顧之病患.........................11
3.2.6 臺灣地區病患具有長期存活與未長期存活之比較...........12
4. 討論....................................................12
3.1 研究1：砷、氯乙烯單體、病毒性肝炎及肝血管肉瘤在臺灣的現況.........................................................12
3.2 研究2：肝血管肉瘤在今日可以有較佳的預後................15
5. 結論....................................................19
6. 研究上的困難與限制......................................19
7. 未來研究展望............................................20
8. 參考文獻................................................22
 
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT (Chinese)..........................................I
ABSTRACT (English)........................................III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................V
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Chinese)................................VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS (English)..............................VIII
LIST OF TABLES..............................................X
LIST OF FIGURES............................................XI
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................1
1.1 Background..............................................1
1.2 Aims of the study.......................................2
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS....................................3
2.1 Identification of patients at a teaching hospital.......3
2.2 Clinical evaluation of patients.........................3
2.3 Proof of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)...........4
2.4 Identification of cases in the literature...............4
2.5 Statistical analyses....................................5
2.6 Expected number of cases................................5
3. RESULTS..................................................6
3.1 Study 1: Epidemiology and environmental toxins or carcinogens in occurrence of HAS in Taiwan..................6
3.2 Study 2: Advancement of treatment modalities that may lead to long term survival of HAS patients..................8
3.2.1 Case identified at the study hospital.................8
3.2.2 Case 1................................................8
3.2.3 Case 2................................................9
3.2.4 Case 3...............................................10
3.2.5 Cases identified through the literature review.......11
3.2.6 Comparison of Taiwanese patients with and without long term survival..............................................12
4. DISCUSSION..............................................12
4.1 Study 1: Arsenic, vinyl chloride, viral hepatitis, and hepatic angiosarcoma in Taiwan.............................12
4.2 Study 2: Hepatic angiosarcoma may have improved survival nowadays...................................................15
5. CONCLUSION..............................................19
6. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY................................19
7. PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE STUDY..............................20
8. REFERENCES..............................................22
 
List of Tables
<Study 1>
Table 1-1. Clinical features of patients with hepatic angiosarcoma...............................................33
Table 1-2. Demographic data of patients with hepatic angiomyosarcoma............................................35
Table 1-3. Laboratory data of patients with hepatic angiosarcoma...............................................36
Table 1-4. Previously reported cases of hepatic angiomyosarcoma in Taiwan..................................37
<Study 2>
Table 2-1. Laboratory data of the nine patients with hepatic angiosarcoma at the study hospital.........................38
Table 2-2. Initial Clinical features of patients with hepatic angiosarcoma with survival for 2 years or more.....39
Table 2-3. Initial Clinical tumor stages/scores of patients with hepatic angiosarcoma with survival for 2 years or more.......................................................40
Table 2-4. Cases of hepatic angiosarcoma with survival for 2 years or more in the current study and in the literature...41
Table 2-5. Demographic data on seventeen patients with hepatic angiosarcoma in Taiwan with survival for 2 years or more.......................................................43

List of Figures
<Study 1>
Figure 1-1. The abdominal computed tomograph of a patient with hepatic angiosarcoma (Case 9).........................44
Figure 1-2. The pathological features of hepatic angiosarcoma (Case 9)......................................45
<Study 2>
Figure 2-1. Treatment protocols and outcomes of three individual patients........................................46
Figure 2-2. Images of Case 1..........................................................47
Figure 2-3. Images of Case 2...............................48
Figure 2-4. Three-phase abdominal CT scan of Case 3........50
Figure 2-5. Pathological findings of Case 3................52
Figure 2-6. Brain and lung CT of Case 3 at 23 months after disease onset..............................................53
                                    

1.Bardwil JM, Mocega EE, Butler JJ, Russin DJ: Angiosarcomas of the head and neck region. Am J Surg 1968; 116: 548-553.
2.Locker GY, Doroshow JH, Zwelling LA, Chabner BA: The clinical features of hepatic angiosarcoma: A report of four cases and a review of the English literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1979; 58: 48-64.
3.Neshiwat LF, Friedland ML, Schorr-Lesnick B, Feldman S, Glucksman WJ, Russo RD Jr: Hepatic angiosarcoma. Am J Med 1992; 93:219-222.
4.Weinman MD, Chopra S: Tumors of the liver, other than primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1987; 16:627-650.
5.Ho S-Y, Tsai C-C, Tsai Y-C, Guo H-R: Hepatic angiosarcoma presenting as hepatic rupture in a patient with long-term ingestion of arsenic. J Formos Med Assoc 2004; 103:374-379.
6.LaDou J: Liver cancer: Hepatic angiosarcoma. In Current Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 4th edition. Edited by LaDou J. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2007:251-253.
7.Falk H, Herbert J, Crowley S, Ishak KG, Thomas LB, Popper H, Caldwell GG: Epidemiology of hepatic angiosarcoma in the United States: 1964-1974. Environ Health Perspect 1981; 41:107-113.
8.Falk H, Herbert JT, Edmonds L, Heath CW Jr, Thomas LB, Popper H: Review of four cases of childhood hepatic angiosarcoma--elevated environmental arsenic exposure in one case. Cancer 1981; 47:382-391.
9.Matsumoto M, Tamura M, Komiya T, Aridome G, Narita R, Hisaoka M, Ohtsuki M, Otsuji Y: Hepatic angiosarcoma: a rare liver tumor in a hemodialysis patient. Clin Nephrol 2009; 71:590-592.
10.Kim HR, Rha SY, Cheon SH, Roh JK, Park YN, Yoo NC: Clinical features and treatment outcomes of advanced stage primary hepatic angiosarcoma. Ann Oncol 2009; 20: 780-787.
11.Timaran CH, Grandas OH, Bell JL: Hepatic angiosarcoma: long-term survival after complete surgical removal. Am Surg 2000; 66: 1153–1157.
12.Arima-Iwasa S, Chijiiwa K, Makino I, Tanabe R, Ohuchida J, Kondo K: A case of hepatic angiosarcoma surviving for more than 16 months after hepatic resection. Hepatogastroenterology 2007; 54: 533-535.
13.Ozden I, Bilge O, Erkan M, Cevikbaş U, Acarli K: Five years and 4 months of recurrence-free survival in hepatic angiosarcoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2003; 10: 250-252.
14.Louagie YA, Gianello P, Kestens PJ, Bonbled F, Haot JG: Vinylchloride induced hepatic angiosarcoma. Br J Surg 1984; 71: 322-323.
15.Li Q, Hao X: Hepatic angiosarcoma: a review of twelve cases. Chin J Clin Oncol 2005: 2: 457-461.
16.Regelson W, Kim U, Ospina J, Holland JF: Hemangioendothelial sarcoma of liver from chronic arsenic intoxication by Fowler's solution. Cancer 1968; 21:514-522.
17.Lander JJ, Stanley RJ, Sumner HW, Boswell DC, Aach RD: Angiosarcoma of the liver associated with Fowler's solution (potassium arsenite). Gastroenterology 1975; 68:1582-1586.
18.Chen C-J, Chuang Y-C, You S-L, Lin T-M, Wu H-Y: A retrospective study on alignant neoplasms of bladder, lung and liver in blackfoot disease endemic area in Taiwan. Br J Cancer 1986; 53:399-405.
19.Harrison JR, Faust TW, Blackstone MO: Hepatic angiosarcoma: An unusual cause of congestive heart failure. South Med J 2001; 94:336-338.
20.Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, Horton J, Davis TE, McFadden ET, Carbone PP: Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 1982; 5: 649-655.
21.Hemming AW, Scudamore CH, Shackleton CR, Pudek M, Erb SR: Indocyanine green clearance as a predictor of successful hepatic resection in cirrhotic patients. Am J Surg 1992; 163: 515-518.
22.Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, Verweij J, Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Christian MC, Gwyther SG: New Guidelines to Evaluate the Response to Treatment in Solid Tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 205-216.
23.Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A : American Joint Committee on Cancer. American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual. 7th edition. New York: Springer; 2010; 175.
24.Okuda K, Ohtsuki T, Obata H, Tomimatsu M, Okazaki N, Hasegawa H, Nakajima Y, Ohnishi K: Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis in relation to treatment. Study of 850 patients. Cancer 1985; 56: 918-928.
25.The Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) Investigators: A new prognostic system for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 435 patients. Hepatology 1998; 28: 751-755.
26.Llovet JM, Bru C, Bruix J: Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin Liver Dis 1999; 19: 329-338.
27.Leung TW, Tang AM, Zee B, Lau WY, Lai PB, Leung KL, Lau JT, Yu SC, Johnson PJ: Construction of the Chinese University Prognostic Index for hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison with the TNM staging system, the Okuda staging system, and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program staging system: a study based on 926 patients. Cancer 2002; 94: 1760-1769.
28.Kudo M, Chung H, Osaki Y: Prognostic staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (CLIP score): its value and limitations, and a proposal for a new staging system, the Japan Integrated Staging Score (JIS score). J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 207-15.
29.Yau T, Yao TJ, Chan P, Ng K, Fan ST, Poon RT: A new prognostic score system in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma not amendable to locoregional therapy: implication for patient selection in systemic therapy trials. Cancer 2008; 113: 2742-2751.
30.Weng Y-J, Chao Y, Wang S-S, Chiang J-H, Tsay S-H, Chen C-C, Chau G-Y, Lui W-Y, Lee S-D: Hepatic angiosarcoma: Report of a case. Gastroenterol J Taiwan 1995; 12:208-215.
31.Tsai M-H, Chien R-N, Hsieh S-Y, Hung C-F, Chen T-C, Sheen I-S: Primary hepatic angiosarcoma: Report of a case involving environmental arsenic exposure. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1998; 21:469-474.
32.Tsai C-C, Hsieh J-F, Han S-J, Mo L-Ray: Hemoperitoneum secondary to biopsy of the hepatic angiosarcoma. Chin J Radiol 1999; 24:37-40.
33.Liang W-B, Wang T-E, Lin S-C, Shin S-C, Kao C-R, Chou S-Y, Chang K-M: Primary angiosarcoma of the liver--a case report. J Intern Med Taiwan 2003; 14:290-294.
34.Tsai C-C, Cheng K-S, Lai H-C, Yu C-J, Hsu C-H: Ruptured angiosarcoma of the liver treated by emergency TAE--case report. China Med Univ Reposit. Taichung: China Medical University; 2007.
35.Hsiao V-C: Hepatic angiosarcoma. Clin Forum Inst Hepato-Gastroenterol Yuan's General Hosp Taiwan 2008; l9:1-3.
36.Hsu W-H: Angiosarcoma of liver: Report of a case with literature review. In Proceedings of the 67th Annual Meeting of Taiwan Surgical Association, March 2008; Kaohsiung. Taipei: Taiwan Surgical Association; 2008.
37.Cheng S-P, Jeng K-S: Hepatic angiosarcoma: Report of a case. Formos J Surg 2003; 36:179-183.
38.Alrenga DP: Primary angiosarcoma of the liver. Int Surg 1975; 60:198-203.
39.Ishak KG: Mesenchymal tumor of the liver. In Hepatocellular carcinoma. Edited by Okuda K, Peters RL. New York: Wiley; 1976:247–308.
40.Buetow PC, Buck JL, Ros PR, Goodman ZD: Malignant vascular tumors of the liver: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 1994; 14:153-166.
41.Vianna NJ, Brady JA, Cardamone AT: Epidemiology of angiosarcoma of liver in New York State. N Y State J Med 1981; 81:895-899.
42.Guo H-R: The lack of a specific association between arsenic in drinking water and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2003; 39:383-388.
43.Wang T-H, Pan Z-G, Ren Z-G.: Rare primary liver malignant tumor. Fudan Univ J Med Sci 2009; 36:221-224.
44.Deng X, Hou Y-Y, Chen Y, Chou J, Tan Y-S, Su Jie AK-S: Hepatic primary malignant vascular tumor: Clinical and pathological analysis. Chin J Clin Exp Pathol 2006, 22:141-145
45.Wong R-H, Chen P-C, Wang J-D, Du C-L, Cheng T-J: Interaction of vinyl chloride monomer exposure and hepatitis B viral infection on liver cancer. J Occup Environ Med 2003; 45:379-383.
46.Chen D-S, Sung J-L, Lai M-Y: A seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 1978; 77:908-918.
47.Sung J-L, Chen D-S, Lai M-Y, Yu J-Y, Wang T-H, Wang C-Y, Lee C-Y, Chen S-H, Ko T-M: Epidemiological study on hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan. Chinese J Gastroenterol 1984; 1:1–9.
48.Chen D-S: Hepatitis B virus infection, its sequelae, and prevention in Taiwan. In Neoplasms of the Liver. Edited by Okuda K, Ishak KG.. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag; 1987:71-80.
49.Perico N, Cattaneo D, Bikbov B, Remuzzi G: Hepatitis C infection and chronic renal diseases. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4:207-220.
50.Chen C-H, Yang P-M, Huang G-T, Lee H-S, Sung J-L, Sheu J-C: Estimation of seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Taiwan from a large-scale survey of free hepatitis screening participants. J Formos Med Assoc 2007; 106:148-155.
51.Mansell CJ, Locarnini SA. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the East. Semin Liver Dis 1995; 15:15-32.
52.Lu S-N, Chue P-Y, Chen H-C, Wu M-H, Chen I-L, Huang J-F, Wang J-H, Peng C-F, Shih C-H, You S-L, Lu C-F, Chen C-J, Chang W-Y: Different viral aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma between two hepatitis B and C endemic townships in Taiwan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997; 12:547-550.
53.Yang J-F, Lin C-I, Huang J-F, Dai C-Y, Lin W-Y, Ho C-K, Hsieh M-Y, Lee L-P, Ho N-J, Lin Z-Y, Chen S-C, Hsieh M-Y, Wang L-Y, Yu M-L, Chuang W-L, Chang W-Y: Viral hepatitis infections in southern Taiwan: A multicenter community-based study. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2010; 26:461-469.
54.Rahnavardi M, Hosseini Moghaddam SM, Alavian SM: Hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients: current global magnitude, natural history, diagnostic difficulties, and preventive measures. Am J Nephrol 2008; 28:628-640.
55.Huang C-C: Dialysis therapy in Taiwan: 1995 national surveillance report. J Nephrol ROC 1995; 9:71-83.
56.Koyama T, Fletcher JG, Johnson CD, Kuo MS, Notohara K, Burgart LJ: Primary hepatic angiosarcoma: Findings at CT and MR imaging. Radiology 2002; 222:667-673.
57.Lee SW, Song CY, Gi YH, Kang SB, Kim YS, Nam SW, Lee DS, Kim JO: Hepatic angiosarcoma manifested as recurrent hemoperitoneum. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 2935-2938.
58.Weitz J, Klimstra DS, Cymes K, Jarnagin WR, D'Angelica M, La Quaglia MP, Fong Y, Brennan MF, Blumgart LH, Dematteo RP: Management of primary liver sarcomas. Cancer 2007; 109: 1391-1396.
59.Zhou YM, Li B, Yin ZM, Xu F, Wang B, Xu W, Liu P, Yang JM: Results of hepatic resection for primary hepatic angiosarcoma in adults. Med Sci Monit 2010; 16: CR61-66.
60.Dannaher CL, Tamburro CH, Yam LT: Chemotherapy of vinyl chloride-associated hepatic angiosarcoma. Cancer 1981; 47: 466-469.
61.Duan XF, Li Q: Primary hepatic angiosarcoma: A retrospective analysis of 6 cases. J Dig Dis 2012; 13: 381-385.
62.Frankel EB: Chemotherapy for hepatic angiosarcoma. N Y State J Med 1992; 92: 322-323.
63.Vennarecci G, Ismail T, Gunson B, McMaster P: Primary angiosarcoma of the liver. Minerva Chir 1997; 52: 1141-1146.
64.Turek-Maischeider M, Kazem I: Palliative irradiation for liver metastases. JAMA 1975; 232: 625-628.
65.Høyer M, Swaminath A, Bydder S, Lock M, Méndez Romero A, Kavanagh B, Goodman KA, Okunieff P, Dawson LA: Radiotherapy for liver metastases: a review of evidence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 82: 1047-1057.
66.Lock MI, Hoyer M, Bydder SA, Okunieff P, Hahn CA, Vichare A, Dawson LA: An international survey on liver metastases radiotherapy. Acta Oncol 2012; 51: 568-574.
67.McNeer GP, Cantin J, Chu F, Nickson JJ: Effectiveness of radiation therapy in the management of sarcoma of the soft somatic tissues. Cancer 1968; 22: 391-397.
68.Rotenberg L, Tubiana JM, Porcel A, Bouras T, Monnier-Cholley L, Arrivé L: Interventional radiology and abdominal emergencies. Ann Radiol (Paris) 1996; 39: 89-103.
69.Park YS, Kim JH, Kim KW, Lee IS, Yoon HK, Ko GY, Sung KB: Primary hepatic angiosarcoma: imaging findings and palliative treatment with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or embolization. Clin Radiol 2009; 64:779-785.
70.Leowardi C, Hormann Y, Hinz U, Wente MN, Hallscheidt P, Flechtenmacher C, Buchler MW, Friess H, Schwarzbach MH: Ruptured angiosarcoma of the liver treated by emergency catheter-directed embolization. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 804-808.
71.Stambo GW, Guiney MJ: Hepatic angiosarcoma presenting as an acute intraabdominal hemorrhage treated with transarterial chemoembolization. Sarcoma 2007; 2007: 90169.
72.Matthaei H, Boelke E, Eisenberger CF, Alldinger I, Krieg A, Schmelzle M, Poremba C, Schellhammer F, Knoefel WT, Budach W, Peiper M: Interdisciplinary treatment of primary hepatic angiosarcoma: emergency tumor embolization followed by elective surgery. Eur J Med Res 2007; 12: 591-594.
73.Bruix J, Sherman M: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2005; 42: 1208-1236.
74.Chuang VP, Wallace S: Hepatic artery embolization in the treatment of hepatic neoplasms. Radiology 1981; 140: 51-58.
75.Bruix J, Llovet JM, Castells A, Montañá X, Brú C, Ayuso MC, Vilana R, Rodés J: Transarterial embolization versus symptomatic treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a randomized, controlled trial in a single institution. Hepatology 1998; 27: 1578-1583.
76.Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, Liu CL, Lam CM, Poon RT, Fan ST, Wong J: Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2002; 35: 1164-1171.
77.Dudeck O, Ricke J: Advances in regional chemotherapy of the liver. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8: 1057-1069.
78.Takayasu K: Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma over three decades: current progress and perspective. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012; 42: 247-255.
79.Llovet JM, Real MI, Montaña X, Planas R, Coll S, Aponte J, Ayuso C, Sala M, Muchart J, Solà R, Rodés J, Bruix J; Barcelona Liver Cancer Group: Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 1734-1739.
80.Marelli L, Stigliano R, Triantos C, Senzolo M, Cholongitas E, Davies N, Tibballs J, Meyer T, Patch DW, Burroughs AK: Transarterial therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: which technique is more effective? A systematic review of cohort and randomized studies. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2007; 30: 6-25.
81.Makuuchi M, Kokudo N, Arii S, Futagawa S, Kaneko S, Kawasaki S, Matsuyama Y, Okazaki M, Okita K, Omata M, Saida Y, Takayama T, Yamaoka Y: Development of evidence-based clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. Hepatol Res 2008; 38: 37-51.
82.Shao Y-Y, Huang C-C, Liang P-C, Lin Z-Z: Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2010; 6: 80-88.
83.Kojiro M, Nakashima T, Ito Y, Ikezaki H, Mori T, Kido C: Thorium dioxide-related angiosarcoma of the liver. Pathomorphologic study of 29 autopsy cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1985; 109: 853-857.
84.Huang N-C, Wann S-R, Chang H-T, Lin S-L, Wang J-S, Guo H-R: Arsenic, vinyl chloride, viral hepatitis, and hepatic angiosarcoma: A hospital-based study and review of literature in Taiwan. BMC Gastroenterology 2011; 11: 142.
85.Hoti E, Adam R: Liver transplantation for primary and metastatic liver cancers. Transpl Int 2008; 21: 1107-1117.
86.Hertl M, Cosimi AB: Liver transplantation for malignancy. Oncologist 2005; 10: 269-281.
87.Bhati CS, Bhatt AN, Starkey G, Hubscher SG, Bramhall SR: Acute liver failure due to primary angiosarcoma: a case report and review of literature. World J Surg Oncol 2008; 6: 104.
88.Penn I: Hepatic transplantation for primary and metastatic cancers of the liver. Surgery 1991; 110: 726-734.
89.Pimentel Cauduro SK, Petrovic LM, Sodeman TC, Ishitani MB, Menon KV, Hay JE: Unsuspected primary hepatic angiosarcoma associated with portal vein thrombosis complicating cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 2002; 8: 1080-1081.
90.Maluf D, Cotterell A, Clark B, Stravitz T, Kauffman HM, Fisher RA: Hepatic angiosarcoma and liver transplantation: case report and literature review. Transplant Proc 2005; 37: 2195-2199.
91.Geramizadeh B, Safari A, Bahador A, Nikeghbalian S, Salahi H, Kazemi K, Dehghani SM, Malek-Hosseini SA: Hepatic angiosarcoma of childhood: a case report and review of literature. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46: e9-11.
92.Lerut J: Liver transplantation and vascular tumours. Paper presented at: The 7th World Congress of the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, 2006; Edinburgh, UK.
93.Castaldo ET, Pinson CW: Liver transplantation for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy. HPB (Oxford) 2007; 9: 98-103.
94.Bonaccorsi-Riani E, Lerut JP: Liver transplantation and vascular tumours. Transpl Int 2010; 23: 686-691.
95.Husted TL, Neff G, Thomas MJ, Gross TG, Woodle ES, Buell JF: Liver transplantation for primary or metastatic sarcoma to the liver. Am J Transplant 2006; 6: 392-397.
96.Meier V, Ramadori G: Clinical Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis 2009; 27: 131-141.

校內：2015-07-23公開
校外：2015-07-23公開

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文