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研究生： 黃書豪
Huang, Shu-hao
論文名稱： 偏振獨立液晶透鏡
Polarization-independent liquid crystal lens
指導教授： 傅永貴
Fuh, Y.G. Andy
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 物理學系
Department of Physics
論文出版年： 2009
畢業學年度： 97
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 116
中文關鍵詞： 液晶透鏡 、波紋結構 、光配向
外文關鍵詞： photoalignment, ripple structure, liquid crystal lens
相關次數： 點閱：101  下載：3 
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    • 本論文利用軸對稱光配向技術，使摻雜偶氮染料的液晶樣品配向成
    連續式預傾角分佈之同心圓狀與放射狀液晶透鏡，且藉由合併同心圓狀
    與放射狀液晶透鏡，達成具有偏振獨立液晶透鏡。
    實驗中使用二極體幫浦固態雷射(DPSS,λ=532nm)通過平凸透鏡匯
    聚在旋轉的樣品上，當達到適當光強度與照光時間，受激發的偶氮染料
    吸附於鍍有高預傾角配向膜的基板而形成波紋結構。根據Berreman
    提出的溝槽理論，波紋結構將提供水平配向力，且透過調控照射強度或
    照射時間可改變溝槽深度，在固定的垂直配向力與可調變的水平配向力
    相互抗衡下，可作液晶預傾角的調變。藉由透鏡的匯聚及樣品轉動，照
    射在樣品上的光強度為高斯分佈，軸心處光強度較強，離軸心越遠光強
    度越弱，因此形成了不同深度的波紋結構，提供了不同的水平配向力，
    達到預傾角的連續變化，模擬結果顯示預傾角約為12°至88°。因溝槽方
    向為平行光偏振方向，使用了S 偏振與P 偏振光入射，可製作出雙面同
    心圓狀及放射狀波紋結構的液晶透鏡。
    並利用電子顯微鏡與原子力顯微鏡掃描及分析基板上之波紋結構，
    確認其配向特性。最後疊合同心圓狀與放射狀波紋結構的液晶透鏡，使
    其成為與偏振獨立液晶透鏡，並可利用外加電壓調控對任意偏振光聚焦，
    且焦距約0.5 公尺。

    This work demonstrates the radial and azimuthal symmetric liquid
    crystal lens using double-side photoalignment in a dye-doped liquid crystal
    (DDLC) films. By combining a radial and azimuthal axially symmetric
    liquid crystal lens , an electrically controllable polarization-independent
    liquid crystal lens is achieved.
    A line-shapedand linearly polarized DPSS Laser beam is applied onto a
    rotated homeotropic DDLC cell to form radial and azimuthal ripple structure.
    Based on the Berreman theory, the photo-induced ripple structure provides a
    homogeneous anchoring force, which competes with the homeotropic
    anchoring force provided by the vertical alignment layer. The resultant force
    determines the final pre-tilt angles of liquid crystals. The simulated results
    indicate that the pre-tilt angle can be controlled in the range of 12°~88°.
    Finally, a lens-like gradient refractive index distribution can be achieved.
    Furthermore, we also use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
    atomic-force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the morphology of the
    MR dyes adsorbed onto the substrate. The lens is electrically controllable, and
    the focal length is about 0.5m.

    摘要..................................................................................................................I Abstract.........................................................................................................II 誌謝................................................................................................................III 目錄................................................................................................................IV 表目錄.........................................................................................................VIII 圖目錄............................................................................................................IX 第一章 簡介.....................................................................................................1 1.1 緒論.........................................................................................................1 1.2 液晶簡介.................................................................................................2 1.2.1 何謂液晶.........................................................................................2 1.2.2 液晶的分類.....................................................................................3 1.3 液晶物理.................................................................................................8 1.3.1 光學異向性與雙折射性.................................................................9 1.3.2 介電常數異向性(Δε) ..............................................................12 1.3.3 溫度對液晶的影響.......................................................................14 1.3.4 彈性連續體理論...........................................................................14 1.3.5 Freedericks Transition...................................................................16 第二章 實驗相關理論...................................................................................17 2.1 光激發染料分子引致液晶旋轉機制...................................................17 2.1.1 正力矩效應 (Ja’nossy Model) ....................................................17 2.1.2 負力矩效應 (Gibbons Model).....................................................19 2.1.3 光激發之同素異構化反應 (photo-isomerization) .....................21 2.1.4 吸附引致液晶轉向效應 (Adsorption Effect) .............................22 2.1.5 光致熱效應 (Light-Induced Thermal Effect) .............................23 2.2 溝槽理論 (Groove Theory)..................................................................23 2.3 雷射引致之細微波紋...........................................................................24 2.4 預傾角調變...........................................................................................28 2.4.1 斜向蒸鍍(SiOX) ...........................................................................28 2.4.2 Sliane 混合.................................................................................30 2.4.3 PI 混合..........................................................................................32 2.4.4 光配向方式...................................................................................38 第三章 實驗準備與過程...............................................................................44 3.1 材料介紹...............................................................................................44 3.1.1 向列相液晶 E7.............................................................................44 3.1.2 偶氮染料 Methyl Red (MR) ......................................................45 3.1.3 配向膜...........................................................................................47 3.2 液晶樣品製作......................................................................................49 3.2.1 藥品製作......................................................................................49 3.2.2 玻璃表面配向處理......................................................................50 3.2.3 Cell 製作.....................................................................................52 3.2.4 藥品填充......................................................................................53 3.3 光路架設..............................................................................................54 3.3.1 放射狀溝槽結構..........................................................................54 3.3.2 同心圓狀溝槽結構......................................................................55 3.4 樣品微觀圖像觀察及結構分析儀器..................................................56 3.4.1 原子力顯微鏡(Atomic Force Microscope, 簡稱AFM) ............56 3.4.2 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope, 簡稱SEM) ....................................................................................................................58 3.5 樣品光電特性量測裝置......................................................................60 3.5.1 T-V 曲線量測裝置.......................................................................60 3.5.2 聚焦點量測裝置..........................................................................62 3.5.3 光強度量測裝置..........................................................................63 3.5.4 1D-Dimos......................................................................................64 第四章 實驗結果與分析討論......................................................................65 4.1 軸對稱同心圓狀與放射狀液晶透鏡..................................................65 4.1.1 軸對稱同心圓狀細微波紋結構....................................................65 4.1.2 軸對稱放射狀細微波紋結構........................................................68 4.2 穿透度與電壓關係曲線(T-V Curve)量測........................................70 4.3 1D-Dimos 模擬預傾角........................................................................82 4.4 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡..............................................................................87 4.5 原子力顯微鏡......................................................................................93 4.6 偏振獨立液晶透鏡..............................................................................98 4.7 光強度量測........................................................................................106 第五章 總結與未來展望............................................................................107 5.1 實驗總結............................................................................................107 5.2 未來展望............................................................................................111 參考文獻......................................................................................................113

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