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研究生：	陳建廷 Chen, Jang-Ting
論文名稱：	應用於H.264 編碼器之新式快速畫面預測方法與硬體架構設計 A Novel Fast Algorithm and VLSI Architecture Design for Intra Coding in H.264 Encoder
指導教授：	王駿發 Wang, Jhing-Fa
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系碩士在職專班 Department of Electrical Engineering (on the job class)
論文出版年：	2006
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	47
中文關鍵詞：	畫面預測、視訊壓縮
外文關鍵詞：	dominant edge strength, intra prediction, mode decision
相關次數：	點閱：71 下載：1
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H.264/MPEG-4 Part10 AVC 是新一代的視訊壓縮標準，由兩大國際組織ISO/IEC and ITU-T 所共同制定與命名。它的目標是取代之前所有的視訊標準，因此為了得到更高的壓縮效率其編碼端的複雜度也相對的提高許多。就內部畫面編碼(Intra Frame Coding)部份上，使用了較小的區塊和採用複雜具有方向性的預測模式來得到較佳的預測結果。即在4x4 大小的區塊上，提供了9 種預測模式選擇，而對於16x16 大小的區塊，則提供了4 種預測模式的選擇。因此當為了取得更高的編碼效率在H.264 /AVC上使用其rate distortion optimization (RDO)的技術做full intra mode搜尋的話，其編碼時間與複雜度是不堪忍受的。
所以本論文中，主要是提出一基於預先對內部畫面區塊做 edge 的偵測方法來減少其編碼模式。其結果能將4x4 的方塊從原先 9 種不同方向性的預測模式減少為 4 種與 16x16 的方塊從原先 4 種不同方向性的預測模式減少為 2 種。
經由實驗結果得到在編碼時間上與H.264參考軟體JM10.0相比可節省大約60%的時間而其PSNR僅下降0.02dB。

H.264/MPEG-4 Part10 AVC is the latest video coding standard developed jointly by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). The main goal of this standard is to replace all previous standards. To achieve higher coding efficiency, the complexity of the H.264 coder is much higher than previous ones. For the H.264 intra coding, it takes advantages of the small block size in the spatial domain. These image blocks are coded based upon directional predictions, which are computation-extensive. In 4x4 block size, there are nine prediction modes. As for the 16x16 block size, it provides four prediction modes. If the full search strategy with rate distortion optimization (RDO) technique is applied to achieve the best coding performance, the huge coding time and complexity make it unpractical.
In this thesis, we present a new intra coding algorithm for H.264. This algorithm is based on the so called dominant edge strength (DES). The proposed DES algorithm only searches 4 modes instead of 9 for the 4x4 luma blocks. As for the 16x16 blocks, instead of 4 modes, only 2 modes are required to be searched. In our experimental results, compared with JM10.0, the H.264 reference software, the proposed algorithm can reduce the coding time complexity about 60% with 0.02dB loss of PSNR.

摘要................................................................... i
Abstract............................................................... ii
誌謝................................................................... iii
Contents .............................................................. iv
Figure List............................................................ vi
Table List ............................................................ vii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION..................................................1
1.1 Background .........................................................1
1.2 Motivation..........................................................1
1.3 Thesis Organization.................................................3
CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF H.264/AVC INTRA CODING ...........................4
2.1 Intra Prediction Modes..............................................4
2.1.1 4x4 Luma Prediction Modes ........................................4
2.1.2 16x16 Luma Prediction Modes ......................................6
2.1.3 8x8 Chroma Prediction Modes ......................................6
2.2 Mode Decision ......................................................7
CHAPTER 3 PREVIOUS WORKS................................................10
3.1 Edge Map Generation.................................................10
3.2 Edge Direction Histogram............................................11
3.3 Histogram Based Fast Mode Selection for Intra Prediction............12
CHAPTER 4 PROPOSED DOMINANT EDGE STRENGTH ALGORITHM.....................14
4.1 Introduction to MPEG7 Edge Histogram Descriptor ....................14
4.2 Dominant Edge Strength Algorithm ...................................15
4.2.1 Processing of Image Block.........................................16
4.2.2 Edge Strength Calculation ........................................16
4.2.3 Dominant Edge Decision ...........................................18
4.2.4 Fast Mode Decision of Luma 4x4 ...................................18
4.2.5 Fast Mode Decision of Luma 16x16 and Chroma 8x8 ..................19
4.3 Experimental Results................................................20
4.3.1 Testing Environment and Conditions ...............................20
4.3.2 Performance Comparison with Previous Works .......................20
CHAPTER 5 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN FOR DES ALGORITHM.........................24
5.1 System Overview.....................................................24
5.2 Architecture Design of DES Engine ..................................25
5.2.1 Zigzag Converter Unit ............................................26
5.2.2 DES Core Unit ....................................................28
5.2.3 DES FSM Unit .....................................................36
5.2.4 Simulation and Synthesis Results..................................37
5.3 Implementation Results..............................................41
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS...................................................43
REFERENCES..............................................................44
                                    

[1] Information Technology—Coding of Audio-Visual Objects—Part 10: Advanced Video Coding, Final Draft International Standard, ISO/IEC FDIS 14496-10, March 2005.
[2] “Report of the formal verification tests on AVC (ISO/IEC 14496-10 ITU-T Rec.H.264),” MPEG2003/N6231, Dec. 2003.
[3] F. Pan, X. Lin, S. Rahardja, K. P. Lim, Z. G. Li, D. Wu, and S. Wu, “Fast mode decision algorithm for intraprediction in H.264/AVC video coding,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 813-822, July 2005.
[4] F. Pan, L. S. Rahardja, K. P. Lim, L. D. Wu, W. S. Wu, C. Zhu, W. Ye, Z. Liang,“Fast intra mode decision algorithm for H.264-AVC video coding,” in Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing, 2004, vol. 2, pp. 781-784.
[5] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall, 2002.
[6] F. Fu, X. Lin, and L. Xu, “Fast intra prediction algorithm in H.264-AVC,” in Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Signal Processing, 2004, vol. 2, pp. 1191-1194.Y. W.
[7] T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaard, and A. Luthra, “Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, no. 7, pp.560-576, July. 2003.
[8] “Draft ITU-T recommendation and final draft international standard of joint video specification (ITU-T Rec. H.264/ISO/IEC 14 496-10 AVC,” in Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, JVTG050, 2003.
[9] Huang, B. Y. Hsieh, T. C. Chen, and L. G. Chen, “Analysis, fast algorithm, and VLSI architecture design for H.264/AVC intra frame coder,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 378-401, March 2005.
[10] H.264/AVC reference software JM10.0, September 2005.
[11] Bojun Meng, Oscar C. Au, Chi-Wah Wong, Hong-Kwai Lam, "Efficient intra-prediction algorithm in H.264," ICIP (3) 2003, 837-840
[12] C. C. Cheng, T. S. Chang, “Fast Three Step Intra Prediction Algorithm for 4x4 blocks in H.264,” ISCAS 2005, vol. 2, pp. 1509 - 1512.
[13] C. H. Tseng, H. M. Wang, J. F. Yang, “Improved and Fast Algorithms for Intra 4x4 Mode Decision in H.264/AVC,” ISCAS 2005, vol.3, pp. 2128 - 2131.
[14] F. Fu, X. Lin, and L. Xu, “Fast Intra Prediction Algorithm in H.264 AVC,” ICSP 2004, vol. 2, pp. 1191 - 1194.
[15] Bojun Meng, Oscar C. Au, “Fast Intra-Prediction Mode Selection for 4x4 Blocks in H.264,” ICASSP 2003, vol. 3, pp. III - 389 - 92.
[16] F. Pan, X. Lin, S. Rahardja, K.P. Lim, Z.G. Li, G.N. Feng, D.J. Wu, and S. Wu,“Fast mode decision algorithm for JVT intra prediction,” JVT-G013, 7th JVT Meeting, Pattaya, Thailand, Mar. 2003.
[17] C. S. Won, D. K. Park, and S. J. Park, “Efficient use of MPEG-7 edge histogram descriptor,” ETRI Journal, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 23-30, February 2002.
[18] MPEG7 Visual Experimentation Model (XM), Version 10.0, ISO/IEC/JTC1/SC29/WG11, Doc. N4063, Mar. 2001.
[19] JVT Test Model Ad Hoc Group, “Evaluation sheet for motion estimation,” Draft v.4, Feb. 2003.
[20] G. Bjontegaard, “Calculation of average PSNR differences between RD-curves,”presented at the 13th VCEG-M33 Meeting, Austin, TX, Apr. 2001.
[21] Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 and ITU-T SG16 Q.6) 13th Meeting: Palma de Mallorca, Spain 18-22 Oct., 2004.

校內：立即公開
校外：2006-08-03公開

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