台灣全島西部麓山帶地質分區中分布最廣的淺海相砂質地層為晚中新世至早上新世的桂竹林層及其同時代的地層，相變也是最為明顯的，整體呈現沉積環境由北往南逐漸加深的趨勢。根據諸多前人研究，位於台灣北部至中部的桂竹林層，其相對應的地體構造特徵代表著北港高區以北前陸盆地的早期發育階段，但其同時期的糖恩山砂岩則代表著北港高區以南仍處於被動式大陸邊緣的沉積階段。為了明瞭兩者間沉積學上的差異，本研究選擇台南龜丹溪流域竹頭崎斷層上盤出露厚度約380公尺的糖恩山砂岩，進行地層柱及岩相學的建立與分析，另外再輔以生痕化石的觀察記錄，綜合探討本研究區域糖恩山砂岩之沉積環境的變化與沉積相的特徵，並且希望據此基礎，能更進一步討論地體構造的差異對沉積環境造成的可能影響。
由野外所辨識的岩相特徵可以分為1種泥岩相，2種粉砂岩相及3種砂岩相，而根據岩相組合，又可進一步細分成水道內沉積及非水道沉積兩種沉積特徵。本研究推測當時的沉積環境主要以暴風作用與疑似濁流作用為主的遠濱沉積體系。
從岩相組合可推測本研究區之厚層砂岩層是透過疑似暴風所引起的濁流順著大陸棚底部向深處搬運，將較粗顆粒沉積物帶至平均暴風浪基面之下堆積，並透過此過程產生海底水道及溢岸（overbank）或片流（sheet flow）等較細顆粒的非水道沉積物，整體沉積特徵類似於淺海濁流岩的特徵及機制。最後，藉由與前人研究的成果相比較，本研究區也推測糖恩山砂岩沉積時受正斷層作用影響，使得同時代的糖恩山砂岩沉積物所堆積的厚度由西向東逐漸增厚。

The most widely distributed shallow marine sandy formations in the western foothills of Taiwan is the Guizhulin Formation of late Middle Miocene to early Pliocene age, along with its contemporaneous strata. Its facies transition is also the most prominent, exhibiting an overall trend of increasing sedimentary environment depth from north to south. The lower section of the Guizhulin Formation in the Tainan and Kaohsiung area, as well as the northern to central regions of Taiwan, is of late Middle Miocene age and can be correlated to the Tangenshan Sandstone. According to numerous previous studies, the geological features of the Guizhulin Formation in northern to central Taiwan represent the early stage of the foreland basin to the north of the Peikang High, whereas the latter represents the passive continental margin stage to the south of the Peikang High.
In order to understand the sedimentological distinction between the Guizhulin Formation and Tangenshan Sandstone, this study selected the Tangenshan Sandstone, which is approximately 380 meters thick and exposed in the hanging wall of the Chutouchi Fault in the Kueitanchi section, for the establishment and analysis of stratigraphic columns and lithofacies. Additionally, observations and records of trace fossils were utilized to comprehensively investigate the variations in sedimentary environments and the characteristics of depositional facies in the study area. The aim of this study is to further discuss the implication of geological structural variations on the sedimentary environment based on the sedimentological study results.
Based on the desriptions in the field, the lithifacies can be categorized into one mudstone facies, two siltstone facies, and three sandstone facies. According to the lithofacies association, they can be further subdivided into channel deposits and non-channel deposits, indicating two distinct sedimentary features. It is inferred that the sedimentary environment during that time was primarily an offshore depositional system dominated by storm wave and possible turbidity currents. Based on the lithofacies association, it can be inferred that the thick sandstone layers in the study area were transported deeper in the continental shelf by suspected turbidity currents induced by storms. These currents carried coarse-grained sediments below the average storm wave base, resulting in the formation of submarine channels and finer-grained non-channel deposits. The overall sedimentary characteristics resemble those of shallow water turbidite deposits in terms of features and mechanisms. Furthermore, with comparison with previous research results, it is also inferred that the deposition of the Tangenshan Sandstone in the study area was influenced by normal faulting, leading to an increase in thickness of the contemporaneous Tangenshan Sandstone deposits from west to east.

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