1964年日本Niigata大地震，造成大規模地表沉陷、建築物傾斜、翻倒與地下結構物上浮。同年美國發生Alaska大地震，也因為土壤液化導致地表滑動，造成多處橋樑基礎破壞。1999年發生於台灣的集集大地震，同樣造成許多地區有嚴重的土壤液化災情。如何準確預測地層，是否會因地震造成液化，一直是大地工程師相當關切的問題，也是學術界一直努力的目標。
　　土壤液化評估其實相當複雜，根據過去的研究顯示，土壤液化阻抗會受土壤相對密度(Dr)、有效覆土應力、細粒料含量(FC)、靜止土壓力係數(K0)、先前預應變、過壓密比(OCR)及Aging等多因素影響，要能夠完全考慮這些因素其實相當困難。目前工程界較常使用的有標準貫入試驗(SPT)和荷蘭圓錐貫入試驗(CPT)簡易液化評估法，基本上這兩個簡易評估法，是直接利用試驗所得之SPT-N值或錐尖阻抗(qc)，計算土壤液化阻抗。雖然工程界已廣泛運用SPT和CPT簡易液化評估法，實務上，發展更好的簡易液化評估法仍然是相當值得進行的研究。由於DMT試驗所獲得水平應力指數(KD)對上述影響因素不僅較具靈敏反應，並反應現地側向與垂直向應力狀態。另外，膨脹模數(ED)意指土壤側向受壓而產生有限位移量，所需的壓力。本研究嘗試以膨脹儀試驗(DMT)，發展另一簡易液化評估法。
　　本研究採用DMT試驗量測的水平應力指數(KD)與膨脹模數(ED)，作為簡易液化評估法的輸入參數，計算土壤液化阻抗。研究方法係先在6處不同場址同時執行SPT、CPT與DMT試驗。依試驗結果，建構土壤KD、ED值和乾淨砂等效正規化貫入阻抗(N1,60cs)，以及乾淨砂等效正規化錐尖阻抗(qc1N,cs)的關係式，其後發展一套土壤液化阻抗的DMT簡易評估模式。最後利用國內外搜集到的歷史案例，就所建立模式的評估結果準確性進行驗證，結果顯示本文建議的DMT簡易評估模式，可準確判定土壤會否液化。本研究建立的DMT簡易液化評估法，可以提供給工程界進行土壤液化潛能評估時另一個參考。

　　The extensive ground surface settlement, tilt and overturn of buildings, and floatation of buried structures were caused by the Niigata earthquake in 1964. In the same year, many foundations of bridges were damaged by the liquefaction-induced ground movements caused by the Alaska earthquake in United States. Also, in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake of Taiwan, the severe liquefaction-induced hazards were extensively observed in many areas. The problem how to accurately predict the liquefaction potential of soils caused by earthquake has received much attention from geotechnical engineers and been the crucial objective of the academia.
　　The liquefaction evaluation of soil is a complicated problem. According to the previous studies, the liquefaction resistance of soil would be affected by a large number of factors such as relative density (Dr), effective overburdened stress, fines content (FC), coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0), prestraining, over-consolidation ratio (OCR), and aging. It would be very difficult to incorporate all the factors into the liquefaction evaluation. At present, the simplified evaluation methods of standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) are commonly used by engineers. Basically, the two methods directly employ the measured SPT blow count (N value) and cone resistance (qc) to calculate the liquefaction resistance of soils. Although the SPT- and CPT-based liquefaction evaluation methods are extensively adopted by the engineer, it is desirable to develop additional simplified liquefaction evaluation method in practice. The horizontal stress index (KD) measured in DMT test is not only sensitive to the above-mentioned factors influencing the liquefaction resistance, but also involves to the in-situ horizontal and vertical stress conditions. In addition, the dilatomater modulus (ED) is representative to the pressure corresponding to the limited deformation of the soil when the soil is subjected to the horizontal pressure. To this end, this study attempts to develop a DMT-based simplified liquefaction evaluation method.
　　This study adopts the horizontal stress index (KD) and dilatometer modulus (ED) measured in the DMT as the input parameter of the simplified liquefaction evaluation method to calculate the liquefaction resistance of soils. First, the flat dilatometer test (DMT), standard penetration test (SPT), and cone penetration test (CPT) were conducted side-by-side at six sites for establishing the correlations between horizontal stress index and dilatometer modulus and blow counts. Subsequently, a simplified model for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils was developed. Then, a number of worldwide earthquake-induced liquefaction cases are collected and used to validate the accuracy of the developed model. The analysis results show that the capability of the model in estimating the liquefaction resistance of soils is validated. This model can be integrated with the existing models to completely evaluate the liquefaction resistance of soils.

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