流行病學研究及動物實驗皆已證實抽菸是影響精液品質之重要危險因子。另一方面，文獻也指出多氯聯苯污染食用米糠油所致的油症暴露族群，其男性精蟲異常型態比例偏高且對於卵子的穿透力有明顯的下降。本次研究目的乃藉由ㄧ世代研究進行抽菸及油症暴露對精液品質的影響之探討。
研究對象的選取為37名油症暴露的男性及28名配對性別及年齡之未暴露控制族群。研究方法乃根據世界衛生組織的標準進行精液分析後，配合CASA (computer-assisted sperm analysis)的使用以鑑定精蟲的特性，接著利用Percoll gradient將活動力較好的精蟲進行分離。並使用流式細胞儀分別偵測精子染色體受損的情形及精子內各種ROS(reactive oxygen species)相關的指標。以及利用Real-time PCR(polymerase chain reaction)評估精子粒線體DNA的數目及缺損情形。
實驗結果顯示，抽菸在油症暴露的男性及未暴露族群之間沒有顯著性的差異。在精液的體積、精蟲數量、精子異常型態以及精蟲活動力的部分在油症暴露的男性及未暴露族群之間沒有顯著性的差異。受到油症暴露的男性其SOPR(sperm-oocyte penetration rate)的結果顯示其精子附著到卵子的數目顯著的減少(P=0.006)，且其精子對於卵子的穿透力也明顯下降(P<0.001)。油症暴露男性其精子之粒線體的數目及粒線體DNA缺損之情形相較於未暴露組沒有顯著性的變化。油症暴露的男性之精子體內ROS的含量、染色體DNA的損傷及粒線體膜電位的改變項較於未暴露族群沒有顯著性的上升。本研究的對象為一個長期追蹤列管的族群，考量到時間的因素對於參與率的影響，可能會導致油症暴露所造成的雄性生殖危害之低估。

Smoking is known to affect semen quality in humans and animals. On the other hand, the Yucheng group which had been of poisoned of PCBs and PCDFs contamination were found to increase percent of abnormal sperm and reduce sperm capability of penetrating oocytes. We conducted a cohort study to assess the semen quality of exposure to Yucheng and smoking. A total of 37 Yucheng men, with known Yucheng exposure due to ingestion of contaminated rice oil, and 28 sex- and age-matched controls were recruited. Semen analysis was done according to the World Health Organization standard protocol. In addition, the characteristics of sperm were measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and Percoll gradient was used to separate motile sperm. The ROS related index of sperm were analysis by flow cytometry coupled with terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), acriding orange (AO), JC-1,. Mitochondria numbers of sperm were analysis with Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Smoking behaviors of the two groups were not significantly different. Semen volume, total sperm count, percent of abnormal morphology, and motility were not different between directly exposed Yucheng men and controls. Hamster oocytes binding (P=0.006) and penetration (P<0.001) were reduced among men exposed to Yucheng. The mitochondria numbers and deletion of sperm were not different between directly exposed Yucheng men and controls. There is no difference in ROS, chromosome DNA damage, mitochondrial membrane potential change of sperm between exposed Yucheng men and controls group. The lost follow up of the study population may underestimate the risk of male reproductive effect.

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