隨著全球航空市場高度競爭與油價波動持續，航空公司為強化市場應變能力與財務體質，低成本航空模式因其精簡人力、單一機型、有限服務與網路銷售等策略，成為全球航空產業中增長最迅速的商業模式之一。根據研究資料顯示，截至2023年，全球低成本航空市場規模已超過2700億美元，預期至2032年將成長至超過1兆美元，顯示其在全球航空運輸中扮演越來越重要的角色。
本研究基於此趨勢，針對機型選擇對維修成本的影響展開分析。透過綜整傳統航空與低成本航空之營運策略差異、機型配置邏輯與營運成本結構，建立低成本航空在營運決策中「成本控制優先」的核心思維模式。蒐集並分析A320與B737兩型機之原廠維修計畫文件(Maintenance Planning Document, MP)，根據MPD所列之例行性維護項目、檢查週期與人力工時標準，進一步結合航空公司維修實務與材料，推估其實際維護支出。最後，透過建立維修成本比較模型，將例行維護所涉及之人工工時與航材轉換為每飛行小時(Flight Hour, FH)與每飛行循環(Flight Cycle, FC)所需成本，進行縱向與橫向比較，提供航空公司在選型決策上量化參考依據。
A320機型每飛行小時的整體維護成本約為718美元，略高於B737機型的627美元。然而，深入分析兩機型各項維護成本細節後發現，A機型在定期維護成本分布上更為均衡且具有可預測性，尤其是在主要定期檢查A Check與C Check成本上，A機型分別為28美元與25美元，皆低於B737機型的32美元與29美元，凸顯其成本控制優勢。相較之下，B737機型在日常操作性維護項目成本表現更佳，僅106美元，遠低於A320機型的212美元，反映其在基礎維護程序上的成熟性。
綜上所述，本研究證實飛機型式與維修策略間存在密切關聯，不同機型在維修成本結構上之差異，對低成本航空之營運效益具有實質影響。因此，選擇適當機型不僅需考慮初始購置與租賃成本，亦應納入維修資源配置、材料供應鏈穩定性與維修人力配置彈性等綜合指標，才能建立完整且有效的機隊規劃策略。研究結果可作為低成本航空業者在機型選擇與營運策略規劃時的實務參考，亦有助於航空公司優化維修資源配置、提升營運效率與競爭力。

As competition in the global aviation market intensifies and oil prices fluctuate, low-cost airlines (LCCs) are experiencing rapid growth due to strategies such as streamlined manpower, a single aircraft model, and online sales. According to forecasts, the global LCC market size is expected to increase from over US$270 billion in 2023 to more than US$1 trillion by 2032. To examine the impact of aircraft model selection on maintenance costs, this study analyses the original maintenance planning documents (MPDs) for the A320 and B737, constructs a maintenance cost model, and compares their labour and material costs per flight hour and flight cycle. The A320 has a slightly higher overall maintenance cost per flight hour compared to the B737. However, the A320 demonstrates a more balanced and predictable cost distribution in scheduled maintenance, particularly in major periodic inspections. In contrast, the B737 shows better performance in routine operational maintenance costs, reflecting its maturity in basic maintenance procedures. Research has confirmed that aircraft models are closely linked to maintenance strategies, and aircraft selection should consider factors such as maintenance resources and supply chain dynamics. This study provides a practical foundation for decision-making regarding aircraft models for LCCs, which will enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness.

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