近年來，學校實驗室產生的廢液逐漸受到社會各界*的關注，許多學校還制定了一些相關的管理辦法，本研究便是以台灣學校所產生的實驗室液體廢棄物為對象，將蒐集來的資料加以分類剖析，以了解台灣實驗室廢液的清運管理情形。
分析從2006年到2011年的數據結果顯示，平均來說一整年的月清運量有遞增的趨勢，從一月份13,878公斤/月到十二月的58,499公斤/月的廢液量，而在七月、八月以及九月則有所波動。就統計上來說，廢液清運的總量和月份間有很大的關聯，P值達0.005。另一方面，落在三月份的最低清運量(29,762公斤/月)以及落在十一月的大高清運量(61,280公斤/月)則和整體清運量無顯著關係。
若以教育機購程度做區分，各機構間則有顯著差異。大學不只清運量最多，有機-無機廢液比例(O/I值)更是相對高出許多，2009年O/I值達到2.3，而2011年O/I值更是達到3.4，相較於大專和國高中等較下級的教育機構，其O/I值幾乎在1.0左右甚至更少。
將台灣分成四個區域來看，各區域廢液清運量有差異但不顯著，其中以北部清運量最高(平均每間學校每年3,423公斤)，而東部最低(每校每年2,150公斤)。若以O/I值來看，北部比值最高(O/I=3.0)而東部最低(O/I=1.0)，其中台北的O/I值更是高達4.8，表示相對於無機廢液來說，有機廢液的含量相對高上許多。其他像是桃園、高雄、台南和台中等大型都市，其清運量和O/I值皆相對高。
廢液處理主要可分成兩種程序：有機廢液以焚化處理，所清運的有機廢液主要是含鹵素(分類A)以及非鹵素(分類B)這兩類，自2007年至2011年間，有機廢液的總量以及處理量皆略有增加；無機廢液則以物化方式處理，以重金屬(分類H)和酸性廢液(分類F)為主，從2007年到2010年間，清運量和處理量皆略為減少，在2011年時則些許增加。
總結來說，環境資源研究管理中心(ERMRC)根據教育部和環保署法規負責各校實驗室廢液的處置，本研究基於ERMRC的資料進行統計，以了解台灣實驗廢液清運處理的情況。

Currently liquid waste emission from school laboratories has attracted attention from all circles of society. Many schools have also formulated some relevant management approaches. This paper classified the receiving data to draw a picture of LLWs generation and management in Taiwan.
Analyzing results of LLWs collection from 2006 to 2011, it is observed an annual overall increasing trend of average of LLWs quantity from 13,878kg/month (January) to 58,499kg/month (December) with some fluctuations in July, August and September. In addition, it is statistically seen strong dependence of total LLWs quantity on months with P = 0.005. On the other hand, there has no clear overall trend and no significant dependence of total LLWs handling monthly with high fluctuation in average at minimum volume in March (29,762kg/month) and maximum volume in November (61,280kg/month).
LLWs quantity released from different schools levels are significantly difference. Universities are not only generate most of LLWs but also release higher organic-inorganic (O/I) LLWs ratio compare to other school levels with O/I = 2.3 in 2009 and O/I = 3.4 in 2011, while colleges and lower levels have O/I almost equal to 1.0 or smaller than 1.0.
Among four regions, LLWs quantity is also different, but no significant; North part has highest quantity (3,423kg/school), while East part has lowest quantity (2,150kg/school). The effect of regions to LLWs is in term of organic - inorganic ratio, with highest ratio in North part (O/I = 3.0) and lowest at East part (O/I = 1.0). Especially, Taipei generate very high organic compare to inorganic LLWs (O/I = 4.8). The other big cities such as Taoyuan, Kaohsiung, Tainan and Taichung are the main sources of LLWs with high LLWs quantity and high O/I ratio.
There are two treatment processes are using to deal with LLWs. Organic wastes with main components are waste with halogen (label A) and without halogen (label B) are treated by incineration system. The results showed a slight increase in term of organic quantity versus incineration handling capacity from 2007 to 2011. Meanwhile, heavy metal (label H) and acid waste (label F) are the main components of inorganic LLWs handled by physic-chemical process, and it has gradual decrease of inorganic waste versus physic-chemical handling capacity from 2007 to 2010 and very small increase in 2011.
In summary, this study showed an overall picture of LLWs distribution and management in Taiwan, where LLWs from schools to be handled at a unique center (ERMRC) under MOE and TEPA’ regulations.

郭天裕“大專校院實驗室廢液流佈與管理機制之探討”,國立中央大學, 2006
國立成功大學環境資源研究管理中心「由實驗室廢液成份探討現行廢液分類與接收處理流程」97年專案研究計畫期末報告
Bob Wetherold, Doug Orr, David Maxwell (2000). Final Report: A Comparison of Gasification and Incineration of Hazardous Wastes. U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL).
Ching-Shi Yang, Soon-Ching Ho (2007). e-Revolution and Mobilization of Waste Management in Taiwan. TWEPA.
Chiu-Hui Tu, Yuh-Jeen Huang, Cheng-Hsien Tsai, C.-J. Monica Chin (2006). In situ XANES study of removal of heavy metals from laboratory wasteliquid by the ferrite process. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 156-158, 228-231.
Chong, Nyuk-Min and MOU, Duen-Gang (1991). A Research institute Wastewater Treatment Program. Environmental Progress, 10, 261-266.
Devika Bommisetty, Mohamed Dessouky (1998). Scheduling collection of recyclable material at northern illinois university campus using a two-phase algorithm. Computers ind. Engng, 35, 435-438.
Elizabeth de Souza Nascimento1, Alfredo Tenuta Filho (2010). Chemical waste risk reduction and environmental impact generated by laboratory activities in research and teaching institutions. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46, 187-198.
Habib M. Alshuwaikhat, Ismaila Abubakar (2008). An integrated approach to achieving campus sustainability assessment of the current campus environmental management practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16, 1777-1785.
Hao-Jan Hsing, Fang-Kuo Wang, Pen-Chi Chiang, Wan-Fa Yang (2004). Hazardous wastes transboundary movement management: a case study in Taiwan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 40, 329-341.
Helmi H. Hussain, Abdullah El-Alali, Anwar G. Jiries, Ghazar W. Aharonian (2000). Chemical evaluation of waste produced by a Jordanian University: a case study. Waste Manage Res, 18, 94-98.
Ho-Wen Chen, Ni-Bin Chang, Jeng-Chung Chen, Shu-Ju Tsai (2010). Environmental performance evaluation of large-scale municipal solid waste incinerators using data envelopment analysis. Waste Management, 30, 1371-1381.
H.S. Huang (2006). IDB’s role being emphasized in New action plan to deal with hazardous waste problem in Taiwan. TWEPA. [Web document]. Available: http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/environet/e-04envr05-0105.asp
Hua-Shan Tai, Wei-Hsiung He (2007). A novel model of organic waste composting in Taiwan military community. Waste Management, 27, 664-674.
Huabo Duan, Qifei Huang, QiWang, Bingyan Zhou, Jinhui Li (2008). Hazardous waste generation and management in China: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158, 221-227.
I.G. Mason, A.K. Brooking, A. Oberender J.M. Harford, P.G. Horsley (2003). Implementation of a zero waste program at a university campus. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 38, 257-269.
I. Mantis, D. Voutsa, C. Samara (2005). Assessment of the environmental hazard from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment sludge by employing chemical and biological methods. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 62, 397-407.
Jie-Chung Lou, Chien-Kuei Chang (2007). Completely treating heavy metal laboratory waste liquid by an improved ferrite process. Separation and Purification Technology, 57, 513-518.
Kengo Tomita, Kenichi Tonokura, Kazuo Yamamoto and Tomoko Nakanishi (2006). Current situation of Web-based chemical registration system in the University of Tokyo. Environmental Sciences, 13, 201-205.
Kun-Hsing Liu, Shao-Yang Shih, Jehng-Jung Kao (2011). Planning for hazardous campus waste collection. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 189, 363-370.
Larissa C. Alves, Humberto M. Henrique (2005). Potential treatment alternative for laboratory effluents. Bioresource Technology, 96, 1650-1657.
Lawrence McGlinn (2000). Spatial Patterns of Hazardous Waste Generation and Management in the United States. Professional Geographer, 52, 11-22.
L. C. Alves, F. P. França, M. C. Cammarota (2004). Effect of chemical precipitation on toxicity reduction of wastewater with high heavy metals content. Enpromer costa verde RJ Brazil, 2nd Mercosur Congress on Chemical Engineering.
Li-Teh Lu, Teng-Yuan Hsiao, Neng-Chou Shang, Yue-Hwa Yu, Hwong-Wen Ma (2006). MSW management for waste minimization in Taiwan: The last two decades. Waste Management, 26, 661-667.
Liu Jing-jing, Liu Dan, Li Qi-bin,Liu Jian, Zhang Ai-ping, Wang Lei (2006). Investigation and Management Scheme Study on Waste Discharge of University Labs. Sichuan Environment, 23.
M. El-Fadel, M.Zeinati, K.El-Jisr and D. Jamali (2001). Industrial-waste management in developing countries: The case of Lebanon. Journal of Environmental Management, 61, 281-300.
Mai Yi-chi, Zhang Yi-ke, He Guang-jian, Gan Huan-ying (2011). Management of Liquid Waste in University Laboratories. Research and exploration laboratory, 28.
Mei-Chuan Huang, Jim Juimin Lin (2007). Characteristics and management of infectious industrial waste in Taiwan. Waste Management, 28, 2220-2228.
Melissa A. J. Felder (2001). A solid waste audit and directions for waste reduction at the University of British Columbia, Canada. Waste Manage Res, 19, 354-365.
Meng-Shiun Wei, Kuo-Hei Huang (2000). Recycling and reuse of industrial wastes in Taiwan. Waste Management, 21, 93-97.
Michael D. Kaplowitz, Felix K. Yeboah, Laurie Thorp, Aimee M.Wilson (2009). Garnering input for recycling communication strategies at a Big Ten University. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53, 612-623.
Michiko Sakam, Kenji Yam am oto, Kazuhito Watanabe (2002). Wastewater treatment of metal and organic liquid at Hokuriku University. Bulletin of Hokuriku University, 26, 1-6.
Moderator: JR Fulton (2011). The built environment-sustainable campus planning. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 4, 22-25.
M.S. Hassanvand, K. Naddafi, R. Nabizadeh, F. Momeniha, A. Mesdaghinia and K. Yaghmaeian (2011). Hazardous waste management in educational and research centers: a case study. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 93, 1636–1642.
Ni-Bin Chang, Y.T. Lin, Y.H. Chang (1998). A client/server computer framework for solid waste management decision analysis in Taiwan. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 58, 15-31.
Peter C. Ashbrook, Peter A. Reinhard (1985). Hazardous wastes in academia. Environ. Sci.Technol, 19, 1150-1155.
Rebeka Lukman, Abhishek Tiwary, Adisa Azapagic (2009). Towards greening a university campus: The case of the University of Maribor, Slovenia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53, 639-644.
Robert C. Klein (2006). Research laboratory wastewater neutralization systems. Journal of Chemical Health & Safety, 15-18.
Shan-shan Chung, Carlos W.H. Lo (2003). Evaluating sustainability in waste management: the case of construction and demolition, chemical and clinical wastes in Hong Kong. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 37, 119-145.
Shin-Cheng Yeh (2006). Greening the university campuses in Taiwan: development of a green university evaluation index system as an example. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Environmental Engineering, 16, 69-81.
Shu-Hung Shen (2011). Establishing a Low-Carbon, Recycling Society, and Developing a Sustainable Environment for the Next 100 Years. TWEPA. [Web document]. Available: http://www.epa.gov.tw/FileLink/FileHandler.ashx?file
Sunil Kumar, Somnath Mukherjee (2008). Hazardous Waste Management System in India: An Overview. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 43-71.
Surjit S. Katoch (2007). Biomedical Waste Classification and Prevailing Management Strategies. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Chennai, India. 169-175.
Surjit Singh Katoch (2008). Investigations on common treatment technologies for some biomedical wastes. PhD Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar University - India.
Susanne M. Savely, Arch I. Carson, George L. Delclos (2006). An environmental management system implementation model for U.S. colleges and universities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15, 660-670.
Tung-Lai Hu, Jiuh-Biing Sheu, Kuan-Hsiung Huang (2002). A reverse logistics cost minimization model for the treatment of hazardous wastes. Transportation Research Part, 32, 457-473.
Wang Yu-qing, Xue Lin-na (2011). Study on the Factors and Countermeasures of Pollution in Colleges and Universities Laboratories. Research and exploration laboratory, 28.
W.T. Tsai, Y.H. Chou (2004). A review of environmental and economic regulations for promoting industrial waste recycling in Taiwan. Waste Management, 24, 1061-1069.
Yang Xiao-qing, Huang Wen-xia, Luo Yi-fan (2011). Sources of Waste and Their Management,Prevention and Cure for Laboratory in Colleges and Universities. Research and exploration laboratory, 28.
Y.W. Cheng, K.-C. Li, F.C. Sung (2010). Medical waste generation in selected clinical facilities in Taiwan. Waste Management, 30, 1690-1695.
Yuh-Jeen Huang, Chiu-Hui Tu, Yi-Chi Chien, Hung-Ta Chen (2005). Effect of [Fe2+/total metal] on treatment of heavy metals from laboratory wasteliquid by ferrite process. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 75, 1884-1887.
Zhang Xian-qiu, Du Ming-xia, Wu Wei (2007). Pollution control of laboratory waste liquid. Environmental technology and management, 24
TWEPA (2006). Methods and Facilities Standards for the Storage, Clearance and Disposal of Industrial Waste. [Web document]. Available: http://law.epa.gov.tw/en/laws/315755978.html
TWEPA (2004). Waste Disposal Act. [Web document]. Available: http://law.epa.gov.tw/en/laws/245676169.html
TWEPA (2005). Taiwan’s waste Import/Export control measures. [Web document]. Available: www.environment.gov.au/.../product-stewardship-asia
TWEPA (2007). Standards for Defining Hazardous Industrial Waste. [Web document]. Available: http://law.epa.gov.tw/en/laws/865316921.html
USEPA (2008). Subpart K within 40 CFR parts 261 and 262. [Web document]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/osw/laws-regs/regs-haz.htm
USEPA (2004). Paper tool of the procedure for the identification of the hazardous components of wastes. [Web document]. Available: http://www.epa.ie/downloads/pubs/waste/wastecharacterisation/EPA_hazardous_waste_identification_procedure.pdf
USEPA (2004). Mismanagement of Laboratory Waste Creates Risk of Serious Injury. [Web document]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/newsletters/civil/enfalert/labalert.pdf
USEPA (2008). Guide to Appropriate Laboratory Waste Management. [Web document]. Available: http://www.gsmc.titech.ac.jp/haikibutu/Eng-files/tebiki%20english%20ver.pdf
USEPA (2002). Report to Congress: Evaluating the Consensus Best Practices Developed through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Collaborative Hazardous Waste Management Demonstration Project and the Need for Regulatory Changes to Carry Out Project Recommendations. [Web document]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/generation/labwaste/r02008.pdf
USEPA (1989). Report to Congress: Management of Hazardous Wastes from Educational Institutions. [Web document]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/generation/labwaste/1989rtc-labs.pdf
USEPA (1996). Profile and Management Options for EPA Laboratory Generated Mixed Waste. [Web document]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/radiation/docs/mixed-waste/402-r-96-015.pdf
USEPA (2002). EPA Proposing to Allow Waste as an Energy Source for Synthesis Gas Production and Power Generation. [Web document]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/wastetypes/wasteid/pdfs/gas-fs.pdf
Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (1989). National guideline on Physical-Chemical-Biological treatment of Hazardous waste. [Web document]. Available: http://www.ccme.ca/assets/pdf/pn_1082_e.pdf
Duke University (2010). Laboratory Chemical Waste Management Practices. [Web document]. Available: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/39177951/Laboratory-Chemical-Waste-Management-Practices
Duke University (2010). Chemical Waste Policy. [Web document]. Available: http://www.safety.duke.edu/safetymanuals/university/Q-Chemwastemgt.pdf
Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Office of Land Quality (2000). Regulatory Status of Hazardous Waste Evaporators. [Web document]. Available: http://www.in.gov/idem/files/nrpd_waste-0045.pdf
Ohio EPA (2000). Waste Analysis Plan Guidance. [Web document]. Available: http://epa.ohio.gov/portals/32/pdf/FinalGuidance.PDF
Princeton University (2000). Pollution prevention in an organic chemistry research laboratory. [Web document]. Available: http://www.princeton.edu/~rmizzo/P2-chemistrylab.htm
The Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League (2009). Waste gasification: Impacts on the environment and public health. [Web document]. Available: http://www.bredl.org/pdf/wastegasification.pdf
The University of Texas at Tyler (2003). Laboratory waste management guidelines. [Web document]. Available: http://wenku.baidu.com/view/ecb3c28da0116c175f0e486c.html
The University of New South Wales (2007). Laboratory hazardous waste disposal guideline (OHS321). [Web document]. Available: http://www.ohs.unsw.edu.au/ohs_policies/guidelines/g_haz_waste.pdf
University Of Surrey (2007). Hazardous Waste Management Policy. [Web document]. Available: http://www.surrey.ac.uk/about/corporate/policies/hazardous_waste_management_policy.htm
Vermont technical college (2009). Hazardous waste management procedures. [Web document]. Available: http://www.vtc.edu/
ERMRC. [Web document]. Available: http://serc.ncku.edu.tw/index.php?lang=en