研究背景與目的：甲基安非他命（Methamphetamine, MA）具有高成癮性，在台灣有高流行率，因此MA使用障礙者為當前主要的成癮戒治族群；過去研究支持MA使用障礙者之大腦額頂葉區域的神經生理表現與健康對照組有所不同，注意力表現呈現受損狀態，然MA使用障礙者具有不同嚴重度表現，在注意力缺損不盡相關，而是與個人脆弱性密切相關，較少研究探討不同嚴重度的MA者在神經生理與注意力表現的關聯；故本研究欲探討不同成癮嚴重程度的MA使用障礙者在注意力表現與神經生理表現之差異，以及MA使用障礙者在注意力表現與神經生理表現之關聯。
研究方法：本研究受試者為在110年至112年間，由南部某教學醫院藥癮治療示範中心轉介預計參與正念預防復發治療團體治療且同意參與未來療效評估之成年人，排除中途拒絕2人，經醫師診斷未符合DSM-5甲基安非他命使用障礙症5人，最終共計23人參與研究並進行結果分析；以醫師依據DSM-5疾病診斷準則與受試者填寫成癮依賴嚴重度量表 (Severity of Dependence Scale; SDS)為成癮嚴重度指標；以廣泛性非語文注意力測驗(Comprehensive Non-verbal Attention Test Battery, CNAT)為注意力表現指標，進行CNAT時同步紀錄10-20系統之Fz、Cz，與Pz電極的腦波變化，事後進行訊號處理後，以腦波有效率和事件相關電位的alpha頻譜震盪(8-12Hz)作為神經生理指標；收集資料後透過無母數統計分析方法之卡方檢定、 Mann-Whitney 檢定、Kruskal-Wallis 檢定與 Spearman’s rho 相關係數進行資料分析。
研究結果：（1）診斷評估重度之受試者在注意力表現指標(抑制注意力任務之違反錯誤與延遲錯誤)，以及神經生理指標(抑制注意力任務之Fz電極alpha頻譜震盪、搜尋注意力與集中注意力任務之Pz電極alpha頻譜震盪差異)與中度或輕度MA使用障礙者有顯著差異。（2）自評成癮嚴重度高低兩組之間，受試者的注意力表現和神經生理指標都無顯著差異。（3）注意力任務出現衝動錯誤的受試者，其Fz電極alpha頻譜震盪顯著高於未犯錯誤之受試者；出現違反錯誤的受試者，其Fz、Cz和Pz電極alpha頻譜震盪顯著高於未犯錯誤之受試者。（4）腦波有效率與搜尋注意力任務之反應時間標準差，以及抑制注意力任務之反應時間呈現顯著負相關。（5）抑制注意力與其他注意力任務之間的反應時間和反應時間標準差，與alpha頻譜震盪變化呈現顯著正相關。
討論：研究結果顯示診斷評估與自我評估所呈現之嚴重度在神經心理功能上差異廣泛，僅有診斷評估重度者在抑制注意力表現顯著較差，其Fz電極alpha頻譜震盪顯著較高，而輕度和中度的MA使用障礙者並無顯著注意力表現和神經生理表現差異；額頂葉區之腦波有效率和alpha頻譜震盪較能協助呈現MA使用障礙者的注意力表現，對於抑制功能表現尤為明顯，可作為未來MA使用障礙者進行神經心理介入之神經生理指標。建議未來研究方向可朝高階認知功能發展，增進已臨床神經心理為基礎之注意力介入可探討之有效指標。

MA use disorder, due to its high prevalence and significant addiction potential, presents a critical population for intervention, particularly in Taiwan. However, MA use disorder is highly heterogeneous, and attention deficits are not uniformly present; rather, they are closely related to individual vulnerability. Neurophysiological indicators can provide evidence of the relationship between these impairments and psychological dysfunction in individuals with MA use disorder. Previous research has predominantly focused on comparing MA users with healthy controls, with limited exploration of the correspondence between MA use disorder and neuropsychological functioning within this population. This study examines the relationship between neurophysiological indicators and attention function in individuals with methamphetamine (MA) use disorder, focusing on different levels of addiction severity impact these aspects. This study investigates the brain's frontal and parietal regions, where attention deficits have been noted in MA users. The study captures variations in attention performance and underlying alpha spectrum oscillation (8-12 Hz) in event-related potentials across different levels of addiction. The findings suggest that there is no significant difference in attentional performance and event-related alpha spectrum oscillation among DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Only severe MA use disorder in DSM-5 diagnostic criteria is associated with inhibitory attentional errors and event-related alpha spectrum oscillation on frontal lobe or parietal lobe, moderate and mild levels show less distinction in these indicators. The strong correlation between event-related alpha spectrum oscillation on frontal-parietal lobe and attention performance, especially for inhibitory attentional performance. This study underscores the importance of EEG alpha spectrum oscillation as neurophysiology indicators for attention performance, with potential applications in developing neuropsychological interventions tailored to addiction severity. By enhancing understanding of attention performance in MA users, the findings aim to identify neurophysiological markers that can inform the development of clinically neuropsychology-based intervention programs in the future.

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