供應鏈中的競局可依照供應鏈成員互動的方向分為水平性與垂直性的競局，若能同時對這兩種方向的供應鏈競局進行完整的探討，可做為同時與其上下游及水平競爭對手進行互動的參考依據。此外，近期已有諸多以單期問題之報童模式研究短生命週期產品市場的相關文獻，但在當今的消費市場中，大多數供應鏈成員所面對的問題為多期之報童模式，像是生產一般大眾民生消費產品的供應商就必須考量每一個銷售季節的生產及銷售，而即使是生產短生命週期產品的供應商，也不可能只推出單項產品就結束營運，必定是不斷推出新的短生命週期產品，因此，同樣也是面對多期市場。而在多期的供應鏈問題中，下游零售商面對的隨機市場需求，或是上游供應商的產品生產成本，都有隨時間波動的特性，例如美國的消費市場在感恩節到聖誕節之間，許多產品的需求會隨著逼近節日而大幅增加，或是例如石化工業會因產油國家的戰爭動亂導致國際石油價格波動，使原物料採購成本變動，並連帶影響供應鏈下游的定價與訂貨策略。
因此，本研究於一個包含單一供應商和兩個零售商之供應鏈中，供應鏈成員面對兩期報童模式，市場隨機需求及上游生產成本具變動特性，該供應鏈在資訊共享的情況下，零售商販售隨機需求之產品，探討在零售商間的水平競爭與零售商和供應商間的垂直競爭之合併競局中，供應鏈各成員的定價與訂貨策略，並分析雙競局中供應鏈各成員決策對於供應鏈效益的影響。

Consider a two-period supply chain which consists of one supplier and two re-tailers. The market demand and production cost of supplier varies across periods, and
supplier has unlimited capacity. In this thesis we study horizontal and vertical games in the supply chain which consists of one supplier and two retailers under price-sensitive random demand. Taking into account the concept of two-period newsboy problem, we discuss the corresponding pricing and ordering strategies of supplier and retailers. We then conduct parameter analysis and explore the eRect of the supply chain members'
decisions on the e±ciency of the supply chain.

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