多氯二聯苯戴奧辛及多氯二聯苯口夫喃（Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated dibenzofurans : PCDD/Fs，一般簡稱戴奧辛）為半揮發性有毒物質。其中PCDD/Fs為已知毒性最強化合物之一。根據美國環保署之報告證實PCDD/Fs為對人類致癌之物質。2,3,7,8-TCDD是PCDD/Fs中毒性最強者，國際癌症研究局已將其歸類為第一類之「已知人類致癌物」。根據1995年美國環保署的評估，環境中戴奧辛的來源以燃燒程序為最主要之來源，而在美國各種不同的燃燒行為，又以廢棄物焚化廠排放量最大，其中又以都市垃圾焚化廠為主要來源。以1987年之調查資料為例，都市垃圾焚化廠佔所有戴奧辛排放量之65.8%，加上醫療廢棄勿焚化廠則達到86.4%，可見焚化廠排放之戴奧辛對整體環境貢獻量之鉅。
本研究之目的，即為了解排放源對附近環境之影響，針對焚化廠煙道廢氣與其周界最大落點之大氣、土壤及植物進行戴奧辛分析，並評估都市垃圾焚化廠所排放PCDD/Fs對環境介質之影響，以期能持續更廣泛建立本土之PCDD/Fs排放源資料庫，以利PCDD/Fs排放源之鑑定。
目前TC焚化廠與CY焚化廠已運轉多年，但缺乏垃圾焚化廠附近戴奧辛相關數據，藉由本研究工作內容，可監測最大落點土壤及植物之戴奧辛濃度。TC焚化廠與CY焚化廠煙道廢氣中平均PCDD/Fs總I-TEQ濃度分別為 0.0213 和 0.0065 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3；其周界大氣中PCDD/Fs總I-TEQ平均濃度分別為0.0436和 0.173 pg-I-TEQ/Nm3;周界植物中PCDD/Fs總I-TEQ平均含量分別為3.72和2.24 pg-I-TEQ/g；土壤中PCDD/Fs總I-TEQ平均含量分別為1.85和15.7 pg-I-TEQ/g。由兩季之最大落地濃度點、上風處及下風處採樣點相比較，並藉由PCDD/Fs濃度之等位軌跡圖及主要成分分析與階層集群分析結果顯示，其對周界大氣、植物及土壤中PCDD/Fs含量之影響並不顯著。與國內外相關文獻比較可知，由於日本焚化廠較為普遍，所得之數據也較為齊全，而東京及橫濱濃度分別為0.45及0.54 pg-I-TEQ/g，故本研究周界大氣中PCDD/Fs濃度皆較日本東京與橫濱為低。至於周界土壤，由文獻可知附近有焚化廠運作中之土壤PCDD/Fs含量值之範圍相當大，為0.11~356 pg-I-TEQ/g，而國內各區土壤中PCDD/Fs之含量皆屬於在此範圍之較低值。由周界採樣點大氣、植物與土壤含量之線性回歸可知三者間相關性皆不高。其原因為本研究大氣中PCDD/Fs之濃度僅代表採樣期間三天之平均值，而植物與土壤中PCDD/Fs之含量有其持續性及累積性，故其所屬之時間尺度各不相同，且在不同環境介質中，PCDD/Fs衰減之速率亦不同。但由國內各地區大氣中PCDD/Fs濃度、植物葉片及土壤中PCDD/Fs含量來看，由於其代表之值為研究整年度之平均值，因此大氣中之PCDD/Fs濃度與植物葉片中PCDD/Fs含量有較高的相關性，但土壤與大氣和植物間之相關性仍不顯著，可能之原因為土壤之時間尺度較大之關係。建議建立本土之PCDD/Fs排放源資料庫及煙道廢氣特徵剖面，以利PCDD/Fs排放源之鑑定。由於本研究之執行時間未能涵蓋春夏秋冬四個季節，研究台灣地區大氣、植物、土壤與季節之關係，以求得影響其濃度與含量之因子。為能明確掌握PCDD/Fs可能污染之途徑，建議加以研究大氣中PCDD/Fs於氣固相與粒狀物各粒徑中之分佈及乾濕沈降，以瞭解PCDD/Fs在環境中之流佈。

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are semi-volatile toxic compounds. The US EPA has identified PCDD/Fs as potential human carcinogens. 2,3,7,8-TeCDD is the most toxic PCDD/Fs. Notably, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified 2,3,7,8-TCDD as “carcinogenic to humans”. The US EPA reported that combustion is the major source of PCDD/Fs, and moreover that municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) are the significant contributor to the PCDD/Fs inventory. MSWIs contributed 65.8% of total PCDD/Fs emissions in 1987; moreover, the combined PCDD/Fs emissions of MSWIs and medical waste incinerators (MWIs) reached 86.4%. Consequently, the effect of stack flue gases from waste incinerators on PCDD/Fs in ambient air cannot be ignored.
This study investigates how PCDD/Fs from stack flue gases of MSWIs affect the atmosphere, soil and plants. Two MSWIs (TC and CY) are examined. The stack flue gases of MSWIs, ambient air, soil and plants of maximum ground concentration are sampled and measured for PCDD/Fs to determine the influence of MSWIs and establish a native PCDD/Fs database.
Mean PCDD/Fs concentration in the stack flue gases of TC and CY were 0.0213 and 0.0065 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively; mean PCDD/Fs concentration in the atmosphere of TC and CY was 0.0436 and 0.173 pg-I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively; mean PCDD/Fs content in the plants of TC and CY was 3.72 and 2.24 pg-I-TEQ/g, respectively, and mean PCDD/Fs content in the soils of TC and CY was 1.85 and 15.7 pg-I-TEQ/g, respectively. By comparing maximum ground concentration for upwind and downwind sampling sites, and using PCA and cluster analyses, the effect of PCDD/Fs from the stack flue gases of TC and CY on the atmosphere, soil and plants is unclear.
The PCDD/Fs concentrations in the atmosphere in this study are lower than in Tokyo and Yokohama. According to various studies, soil PCDD/Fs content around MSWIs ranges between 0.11 and 356 pg-I-TEQ/g, and the PCDD/Fs content of Taiwanese soil falls at the low-end of this range. By linear regression, the connections among atmosphere, plants and soils are not apparent. The reason for this phenomenon may be that the atmospheric PCDD/Fs concentrations are based on the mean over three days, while the PCDD/Fs contents in plants or soil are based on a longer exposure time and the decomposition rates of PCDD/Fs differ among these media. Suggested future research directions include investigating the PCDD/Fs gas/particulate partition in the atmosphere and the PCDD/Fs content in different particulate size to better understand the fate of PCDD/Fs in the environment.

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