背景：病人跌倒是急診室常發生之意外事件，因醫療業務需快速、急迫及病人流量不穩定等多重複雜等因素，然而高效率的急診單位卻缺乏有效病人跌倒評估量表，無及時篩選高危險群，並即時介入是現今急診單位急迫且具挑戰性的任務。
目的：了解急診病人跌倒因子，作為急診病人跌倒評估量表發展與預防措施之參考。
方法：採回溯性研究法，回溯自2010年1月至2013年12月期間南區某醫學中心急診室病人發生跌倒意外事件為主要研究資料來源，共110人次，自擬跌倒意外分析查檢表，應用描述性統計分析變項資料以次數分佈、百分比及平均數與標準差呈現。
結果：男性（n = 72；65.5%）居多，平均年齡62歲；每年三月、七月佔最多（均為n = 16；14.5%），且星期一居多（n = 22；20%），觀察室最多（n = 67；60.9%）； 61人次（55.5%）跌倒時無陪伴者；大夜班（n = 54；49.1%），病人因素為下肢無力、頭暈、使用麻醉止痛劑等，護理師兩年年以下資及護病比皆是急診病人跌倒相關因素。
結論：急診病人跌倒發生包括月份、星期、就診後三小時內跌倒、TTAS檢傷級數二、三級、有陪伴者有高跌倒機會，建議管理者首要掌握急診室動態，調整護理人力，提升留任，提升急診病人就診安全及醫療照護品質。

SUMMARY
The objective of the study were to define the predisposing risk factors causing the patient falls in the Emergency Department and to serve as a reference for risk assessment and prevention measures. A retrospective study was conducted between January 2010 to December 2013 from a Medical Center in southern Taiwan. A self-designed fall accident analysis check list was used for the study. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using classification variables including number of distribution and percentage, as well as continuous variables such as mean, standard deviation. 110 falls were recorded, representing a rate of 0.03-0.05 falls per 1000 patient visits. Among confirmed cases, the median ages was 62 years and 72 patients were men (65.5%) and most frequently occurred during March and July (both n = 16 ; 14.5%). Twenty two patients (20%) fell on Monday. Sixty seven patients (60.9%) fell in the observational unit and 61 (55.5%) fell not unaccompanied by family or caretaker. Fifty four patients (49.1%) fell during night shift. Major risk factors contributing to the patient fall were lower limb weakness, dizziness, and medications related such as narcotic analgesic drugs. Inexperienced nursing staffs (RN < 2 years) and inadequate nurse-to-patient ratios were related factors. The study recommended to create innovative strategies through a collaborative effort among health care leaders and to develop solutions searching for a safer environment for patients and staff nurses.

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