本論文重點是發展有效回收廢棄物或廢水中有價金屬離子方法，並且將回收物應用於高科技產業，以增加資源回收經濟效益。利用環糊精(cyclodextrin (CD))螯合(chelation)回收電鍍廢水中40~50%銅，其錯合物(Cu2+-CD complex)在373 K烘乾24小時，573~673 K碳化兩個小時，可合成碳殼包夾奈米金屬銅(Cu)之核殼奈米(Cu@C)物質。穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)顯示奈米銅尺寸介於10~60 nm。XANES(X-ray near edge structure)光譜指出所螯合之銅(Cu(II))在碳化時被還原成Cu；環糊精上之氫氧基(OH)(hydroxyl groups)也被氧化成水蒸汽。由EXAFS(extended X-ray absorption fine structure)光譜發現其銅之配位數(coordination number (CN))隨著粒徑減小而減少，例如Cu粒徑為23 nm時，配位數減少至8(塊狀Cu為12)。
從上述回收廢水中銅離子，合成奈米Cu@C材料之螯合實驗發現，可以建立一個非常簡單方法，以合成可調粒徑(4~40 nm)金屬(Cu、Ag、Pd、Rh、Ni、Fe、Co及Cr)或合金之核殼物質，尤其，外層碳殼厚度約3~5 nm，可避免核心金屬再團聚及被氧化。我們也發現所合成之奈米金屬粒徑(dp (nm))與OH(β-CD)/M(金屬)之莫爾比(2.3~15)形成一種相關性：dpZ/R(Z：金屬價數，R：原子半徑(nm))，此重要發現指出控制OH/M比例可以合成特定尺寸之金屬奈米粒子。另外，與尺寸相依(size-dependent)之物理特性例如：奈米金屬熔點(melting temperature)也可由實驗觀測得知。所合成之多功能可調粒徑奈米金屬、多金屬或合金也形成一個新材料應用領域，具高科技應用潛力。
從回收之銅研製之奈米核殼材料之應用，也有初步成果，均勻塗佈奈米Cu@C於敏染式太陽能電池(dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC))之陰極可以有效提升效率。UV-visible光譜顯示塗佈於ITO(indium-doped tin oxide)玻璃之Cu@C隨粒徑尺寸增加而紅移(因長軸共振(longitudinal resonance))，場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)顯示奈米Cu@C均勻分布於ITO玻璃上。相較於較貴之傳統白金(Pt)電極，利用Cu@C塗佈之ITO陰極可以有效提升電池效率至少50%，另外，隨著塗佈Cu@C粒徑之減少(20 → 7 nm)，電池效率可以增加約80%。

To a better recovery of valuable metal ions from solid wastes or wastewater, a simple method has been developed. Experimentally, about 40-50% of copper in the electroplating (EP) wastewater can be chelated with cyclodextrin (CD). The Cu2+-CD complex was dried at 373 K for 24 hours and carbonized at 573-673 K for two hours to obtain nanosize metallic copper (Cu) encapsulated in the carbon shells (Cu@C). The images observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicate that the size of Cu in the Cu@C is in the range of 10-60 nm. The component fitted X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra suggest that the chelated Cu2+ is reduced to form Cu as the hydroxyl groups of the CD are oxidized to H2O vapor during carbonization. By extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, it is found that the average coordination number (CN) of Cu in the Cu@C nanoparticles decreases along with its particle size, the CN of the nanosize Cu (23 nm) is reduced (12 → 8) compared to its bulky one.
Proceeding in a similar fashion, a very simple method for synthesizing size-controllable (4-40 nm) metals (Cu, Ag, Pd, Rh, Ni, Fe, Co, and Cr) or alloys within carbon shells has also been developed. The thickness of the carbon shells that prevents the core Cu from being aggregated or oxidized ranges from 3-5 nm. In addition, the nanosize core metal exhibits a correlation between dpZ/R (where Z: valence of metal and R: atomic radius (nm) of metal) and the OH (on β-CD)/M (metal) molar ratios of 2.3-15. This has significant implications in that nanosize metals with selected sizes can be obtained at a known OH/M molar ratio. A dependence of melting temperature depression on the size of the metal nanoparticles (Cu, Ag, and CuAg) within carbon shells has been experimentally observed for the first time. These carbon coated size-controllable metals, multi-metals or alloys may form a new class of materials that certainly have promising applications in many areas of nanotechnology.
Applications of the nanosize Cu@C materials have been preliminarily explored in electro-optical devices. Deposition of the nanosize Cu@C thin film onto a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) cathode can enhance its efficiency. The UV-visible spectrum of the nanosize Cu@C coated indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) shows a red shift (probably due to the longitudinal resonance) as the size of Cu in the Cu@C increases. Moreover, the images observed by field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) indicate that the nanosize Cu@C are well dispersed on the ITO. Interestingly, an enhanced efficiency of the DSSCs with the nanosize Cu@C coated ITO cathode by 50% is found if compared with the relatively expensive Pt electrode. As the size of Cu in the Cu@C on ITO decreases (e.g., 20 → 7 nm), the efficiency of the DSSCs can be increased by 80% approximately.

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