經歷了獨立戰爭後的美國，無論是在經濟、科技上皆迅速發展。20世紀初期，美國肖像畫出現許多具有中國風情的擺設或風格，又以波士頓畫派畫家威廉・麥格雷戈・帕克斯頓(William McGregor Paxton, 1869-1941)描繪最多。帕克斯頓身所處的時代，正是美國與中國有著密集頻繁貿易的時候，大量的進口瓷器、絲織以及其他藝術品；成為此時崛起的中產階級家庭的收藏品，在這樣的影響之下，他描繪了非常多與中國藝術品相關的畫作。本篇論文藉由歷史的脈絡以及畫作的分析去了解藝術家在此時為何會有如此大量關於中國藝術品的描寫，也經由如此了解當時中產階級的藝術品味以及對於東方異國情懷的嚮往。

After the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), the United States focus on economy and technology developed. The portrait painting with Chinese decoration and design had become a trend in the early 20th century, especially, Boston School painter, William McGregor Paxton (1869-1941). Paxton was born at the time the business relationship between the United States and China become increasingly frequent, the many products, porcelain, silk and other works, are in the market.
These goods make middle classes start collecting. These socio-economic circumstances affect Paxton dramatically, so his portrait paintings contain Chinoiserie style. The research object is that analyzing the reasons of artists who like to use the interpretation of Chinese art based on the history and paintings at this particular time.
According to history and works, it also can explain the art taste and the Chinoiserie desire of middle classes at that moment.

一、中文書目

（一）中文專書
朱培初。《明清陶瓷和世界文化的交流》。北京：輕工業出版社，1984年。
汪熙等。《中美關系史論叢》。上海：復旦大學出版社，1985年。
陶文釗等。《簡明中美關系史》。廣州：中山大學出版社，1989年。
陶文釗等。《中美文化交流論集》。北京：中國社會科學出版社，1999年。
熊志勇。《中國與美國: 邁向新世紀的回顧》。鄭州：河南人民出版社，1999年。
張注洪。《中美文化關系的歷史軌跡》。天津：南開大學出版社，2001年。
中國國務院新聞辦公室編。《中華文化美國行：新聞報道集》。全一冊，北
京，五洲傳播出版社，2001年。
梁碧瑩。《龍與鷹——中美交往的歷史考察》。廣東：廣東人民出版社，2004年。
李慶新。《海上絲綢之路》。北京：五洲傳播出版社，2006年。
張國剛、吳莉葦：《中西文化關係史》。北京：高等教育出版社，2006年。
何芳川。《中外文化交流史》。北京：國際文化出版公司，2008年。
甘雪莉。《中國外銷瓷》。上海：東方出版中心，2008年。
梁碧瑩。《近代中美文化交流研究》。廣州：中山大學出版社，2009年。
張施娟。《裨治文與早期中美文化交流》。浙江：浙江大學出版社，2010年。
趙豐。《中國絲綢藝術》。北京：外文出版社，2012年。
孫錦全：《東方文化西傳及其對近代歐洲的影響》。四川人民出版社，2012年。

（二）翻譯專書
John Oliver Wilson著，李明、陳淑英、雷倩譯。《富裕之後》。台北：明德基金會生活素質研究中心，1983年。
莫泊桑(Guy de Maupassant)著，管家琪譯與改寫。《莫泊桑短篇小說精選》。台北：理得，2002。
唐納德‧戴維斯(Donald Davis)、尤金‧特蘭尼(Eugene Trani)著，馬建標、金瑩、秦嶺、盧曉璐譯。《誤解異邦20世紀美國人與中國、俄國的關係》(Distorted Mirrors: Americans and Their Relations with Russia and China in the Twentieth Century)。台北：獨立作家出版社，2014年。
斯塔夫里阿諾斯(Leften Stavros Stavrianos)著，吳象嬰譯。《全球通史：從史前史到21世紀》(A Global History) 。北京：北京大學出版社，2005年。
埃里克・杰・多林(Eric Jay Dolin)著，朱穎譯。《美國和中國最初的相遇：航海時代奇異的中美關系史》(When America First Met China: An Exotic History of Tea, Drugs, and Money in the Age of Sail)。北京：社會科學文獻，2014年

（三）中文論文
孫燕。〈工業化進程與美國城市中產階級的興起——19世紀60年代-20世紀70年代〉，（武漢大學世界史研究所，碩士論文，2003年）。
洪君。〈“維多利亞女性”到“新女性”——美國中產階級婦女研究(1870-1920)〉，（華東師範大學科學技術信息研究所，碩士論文，2006年）。
蘇文惠。〈延伸的邊界：傑洛姆（Jean-Léon Gérôme）1847-1867年間歷史畫研究〉，（中央大學藝術研究所，碩士論文，2007年）。
牛道慧。〈鴉片戰爭前在廣州的美國商人(1784-1844)〉，（中國文化大學史學研究所，博士論文，2009年）。
游珮琪。〈國際商業變革對貿易商角色之影響研究-以陶瓷業在美國為例〉，（東吳大學國際經營與貿易學系，碩士論文，2009年）。
李璐。〈從《女士之家》看美國中產階級婦女的社會形象——對19世紀80年代至20世紀20年代美國婦女解放狀況的考察〉，（北京師範大學世界現代史研究所，碩士論文，2011年）。

二、英文書目

（一）西文書籍

Acrelius, Israel. A History of New Sweden: or, The Settlements on the River Delaware, William M. Reynolds, Philadelphia: Publication Fund of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1874.
Arndt Anderson, Heather. Breakfast: a history. Lanham: AltaMira Press, a division of Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2013
Aristides, Juliette. Classical Painting Atelier a Complete Course In Traditional Studio Practice. New York: Watson-Guptill, 2013.
Briceno, Noel Fahden. The Chinoiserie Revival In Early Twentieth-Century American Interiors. Delaware: University of Delaware, 2008.
Brown, Bill. A Sense Of Things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Print.
Bolger Burke, Doreen et al. In Pursuit of Beauty. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986. Print.
Bolton, Andrew. China - Through The Looking Glass. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2015.
Buxton, Frank William, and R. H. Ives Gammell. William Mcgregor Paxton, N.A. Memorial Exhibition Of Paintings. [Cambridge, Mass.]: [Printed at the Harvard University Press], 1941. Print.
Edwards, Ralph. [Rezension Von:] Impey, Oliver: Chinoiserie. New York: Oxford University, 1977. Print.
Edwards, Lee M, Jan Seidler Ramirez, and Timothy Anglin Burgard. Domestic Bliss. Yonkers, N.Y. (511 Warburton Ave., Yonkers 10701): Hudson River Museum, 1986. Print.
Essin, Christin. Stage Designers In Early Twentieth-Century America. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Print.
Frelinghuysen, Alice Cooney. American Porcelain, 1770-1920. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989. Print.
Gammell, Robert Hale Ives. Dennis Miller Bunker. New York: Coward-McCann, 1953. Print.
George, Kennan. American diplomacy. Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1951.
Hodge, Christina J. Consumerism And The Emergence Of The Middle Class In Colonial America. New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014. Print.
Holly, Edwards. Noble dreams, wicked pleasures: orientalism in America, 1870-1930. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Howard, David. The Choice of the Private Trader: The Private Market in Chinese Export Porcelain (London: Zwemmer, 1992
Irving, Washington. A History Of New York, From The Beginning Of The World To The End Of The Dutch Dynasty; A Tour Of The Prairies. New York: A.L. Burt, 1820. Print.
Irving, Washington. The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent, Vol. II London: John Murray, 1822.
Jourdain, Margaret, and Soame Jenyns. Chinese Export Art In The Eighteenth Century. London: Country Life Limited, 1950. Print.
Lee, Ellen Wardwell, Martin Krause, and Robert Hale Ives Gammell. William Mcgregor Paxton. Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1979. Print.
Martin, Richard, and Harold Koda. Orientalism: Visions Of The East In Western Dress. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994. Print.
Mayer, Lance, and Gay Myers. American Painters On Technique, 1860-1945. Los Angeles, Calif: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2013. Print.
Mills, C. Wright. White Collar : The American Middle Classes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1951. Print.
Montgomery, Maureen E. Displaying Women: Spectacles Of Leisure In Edith Wharton's New Yor. New York.: Routledge, 1998. Print.
Neuhaus, Eugen, and H. A Funke. The Galleries Of The Exposition. San Francisco: Paul Elder and Company, Publishers, 1915. Print.
Orser, Joseph Andrew. American Family, Oriental Curiosity. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, 2010. Print.
Paxton, William McGregor. William Mcgregor Paxton, N.A., 1869-1941. Boston: Vose Galleries of Boston, 1979. Print.
Pettigrew, Jane, and Bruce Richardson. The New Tea Companion: A Guide To Teas Throughout The World. London: National Trust Enterprise, 2005. Print.
Phegley, Jennifer, and Janet Badia. Reading Women. Toronto [Ont.]: University of Toronto Press, 2006. Print.
Salinger, Margaretta M. Masterpieces Of American Painting In The Metropolitan Museum Of Art. New York: Random House, 1986. Print.
Sanctuary Howard, David. New York and the China Trade, New York: New York Historical Societ, 1984.
Shaw, Samuel, and Josiah Quincy. The Journals Of Major Samuel Shaw. Charleston, SC: BiblioLife, 2010. Print.
Egmont Arens, La Renaissance de l'art français et des industries de luxe, Paris, 1924
Shipp, Steve. American Art Colonies, 1850-1930. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1996. Print.
Song, Yuwu. Encyclopedia Of Chinese-American Relations. Jefferson: McFarland, 2009. Print.
Stuart Mack Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Modern History), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Sullivan, Michael. The Meeting of Eastern and Western Art. California: University of California Press, 1998.
Ukers, William Harrison. All About Tea. New York: The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Company, 1935.
Volo, James M, and Dorothy Denneen Volo. Family Life In 19Th-Century America. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2007. Print.John Berger, Ways of Seeing, London: Penguin: 1972.
Weir, David. American Orient: Imagining The East From The Colonial Era Through The Twentieth Century. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2011.
Winsor, Justin. The Memorial History Of Boston, Including Suffolk County, Massachusetts, 1630-1880, In Four Volumes. Boston, Massachusetts: J.R. Osgood, 1822. Print.
Weinberg, Helene Barbara, and Carrie Rebora Barratt. American Stories: Paintings Of Everyday Life,. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009.
Yoshihara, Mari. Embracing The East: White Women And American Orientalism.. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Young, Linda. Middle-Class Culture In The Nineteenth Century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Print.

（二）西文論文
Smith, Jessica (2012). Is polite society polite? The genteel tradition in the figure paintings of William McGregor Paxton (1869—1941), Department of Humanities, University of Louisville.
Tajibaeva, Janna (2012). Consumer culture, material desires, and images of women in American novels and art at the turn of the 20th century, Department of Humanities, University of Louisville.

三、中文期刊

任麗娜：〈清代民間婦女服飾淺談〉，《民藝之窗》， 1999年01期（1999年），頁29-30。
梅玫：〈中國外銷披肩與西方時尚〉，《華美致遠－中國絲綢博物館館藏外銷綢珍品・中國絲綢博物館研究報告》，第二號年第2期，( 2014年)，頁25-36。

四、西文期刊

Amaya, Mario. “William McGregor Paxton” The Connoisseur, (Oct 1, 1979, Vol.202(812), 90.
Buckley, Charles E. “THE FRONT PARLOR BY WILLIAM McGREGOR PAXTON” Bulletin, (November 1, 1975, Vol.11(6), 105-107.
Bosse, Sara. “Giving a Chinese Luncheon Party-How Do It in Your Own Home” Harper’s Bazaar, v.47-49, 1914. p135.
Crane, Michael E. “Recognition of Modernity" Detroit Collects Contemporary American Art in the Early Twentieth Century” Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts, (January 1, 2008, Vol.82(1/2), 30-45
Davis, Holly. “getting real” Artist's Magazine, (Apr 2012, Vol.29(3), p.27.
Docherty, Linda. “Woman as Readers: Visual Interpretations” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, (Jan 1, 1997, Vol.107(2), 335
Duffy Zeballos, Lisa. “William McGregor Paxton's Tea Leaves” Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, (June 1,2003, Vol.5(4), 364.
Boston Herald, May, 1915
Castagnary, “Salon de 1863,” in Salons, 137 Gotlieb,57
“Clerk of the Day,” Boston Transcript, March 23, 1909
Chicago, Photoplay Magazine Jan - Jun 1924
Cortissoz, Royal. New York Herald Tribune, February, 1908.
Curl, “Boston Artists and Sculptors Talk of Their Work and Ideals,” Boston Sunday Herald, December 26, 1920.
Gjertson, Stephen; Richards, Kirks. “Classical Realism: a living American tradition” American Artist, (Sept, 2004, Vol.68(746), 40(12).
Hale, Philip L. Boston Herald, March 1, 1909.
Howe Downes, William: Boston Transcript, February 27, 1909.
Mcmath, Quita. “Art: Strokes of genius” Texas Monthly, (Jul 1996, Vol.24(7), 34.
Museum of Fine Arts. “Acquisitions, October 10 through December 31, 1941”
Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, (Feb 1, 1942, Vol.40(237), 14-17.
Paling Funk, Elisabeth. “Netherlands’ Popular Culture in the Knickerbocker Works of Washington Irving” in New World Dutch Studies: Dutch Arts and Culture in Colonial America, 1609-1776
Paul Staiti, “Character and Class,” Rebora 1995, p64.
Price, Linda S. “Profiting academic tradition: New England oil painter Mary Minifie applies what she has learned from her strict academic training to her career as a portraitist and still-life painter” American Artist, (Feb, 2005, Vol.69(751), 26(5)
Price, Linda. “Profiting From Academic Tradition” American Artist ( Feb 2005, Vol.69(751), 26,28,30-31,33.
Robertson, Bruce. “The Tipping Point: Museum Collecting and the Canon.” American Art, (October 1, 2003, Vol.17(3),2-11
Harper’s Bazaar 1907, p952
Secretary of the Commonwealth, 1870, pp. 183-184
Stuart, Evelyn Marie. “Exhibition of American Oil Painting and Sculpture” Fine Arts Journal, (December 1, 1914, Vol.31(6),586-596.
Stuart, Evelyn Marie. “Thirty-First Annual Exhibition of American Art” Fine Arts Journal, (November 1, 1918, Vol.36(11), 12-25
Smith, Jessica Todd. “Joining past and future: The Huntington's new American galleries: on 30 May the Virginia Steele Scott Galleries of American Art will be unveiled at the Huntington, San Marino. The Huntington's curator of American art, Jessica Todd Smith, introduces some of the recent acquisitions that will be included in the new displays” Apollo, (May, 2009, Vol.169(565), 42(8).
John, Adams: Letters of John Adam, addressed to His Wife, post 12 May 1780.
Russel, John. “An Art School That Also Taught Life,” The New York Times, March 19, 1989. Helene Lafont-Couturier, Gerome,29 Moreau-Vauthier, 1906.
The Pennsylvania Gazette, Dec. 31, 1798.
The Sun, New York, NY. September 22, 1913. col. 8.
Theotocatos, Paula; Davis, Holl. “Classic Beauty” Artist's Magazine, (Apr 2008, Vol.25(3), 49.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “American Paintings Lent by George A. Hearn” The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, (June 1, 1910, Vol.5(6), 140-140.
The Tacoma Times, Tacoma, WA. October 13, 1913, Image 1, col. 1-2.
Vauthier, Moreau. Helene Lafont-Couturier, Gerome,29. 1906.
Worcester Museum: Worcester Museum Bulletin, September, 1910, p.3.

五、網路資料
（一）網站
China, America and the Pacific, http://www.cap.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/Letters-from-the-Children-of-John-Perkins-Cushing--and-to-His-Wife-Marie-Louise-Cushing/BA_L144_1_4
（檢索日期：2017/11/25）
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, http://www.mfa.org/node/440766
（檢索日期：2017/11/25）
The-Athenaeum, http://www. the-athenaeum.org/people/detail.php?ID=1845
（檢索時間:2016/4/3）
The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2007/poiret
（檢索日期：2017/12/01）
The New York Times,
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9800E0D7113BE633A25752C2A96F9C946296D6CF&legacy=true#
（檢索日期：2017/12/01）

（二）資料庫
ARTstor Digital Library
Hathi Trust Digital Library
JSTOR Books
World Cat