在胚胎發育、創傷癒合、血管新生及免疫趨化的過程中，細胞移動的能力均扮演相當必要的角色。當細胞進行移動時，細胞本身必須產生收縮力使尾端縮起，前端產生偽足以利爬行，因此收縮力對於細胞運動時，貼附分子與骨架的動態重組相當重要。本論文將以子宮頸癌為研究模式，探討其機械生物力學之變化。此研究架構包含三個部分：此論文的第一個部分：主要探討鈣離子訊號如何整合肌動凝蛋白（actomyosin）與黏附分子（focal adhesion）之間的交互作用部分，並進一步調控細胞的移動爬行能力，結果顯示，內質網上的鈣離子感測蛋白：基質交互因子1（STIM1）的表現能調控細胞外鈣離子流入細胞內的能力，進而增加肌動凝蛋白的活性以產生細胞收縮力，對於子宮頸癌細胞惡性移轉能力的提升相當重要。此論文的第二個部分：主要探討微管相關的組蛋白去乙醯酶6（HDAC6），能夠透過將微管蛋白去乙醯化，因而降低微管骨架的穩定度而提高其動態變化的現象，是否可調控STIM1所媒介的細胞外鈣離子流入，並進一步調控鈣離子進入細胞內所引發的訊息傳遞？結果顯示，HDAC6在STIM1活化聚集成團，並移動到細胞膜邊引發鈣離子流入的過程中扮演重要角色。利用核酸干擾或抑制劑抑制HDAC6的活性，則可阻斷STIM1所誘發的鈣離子流入，進而抑制鈣離子流入後所造成的癌細胞移轉能力上升。重要的是，對正常上皮細胞施予HDAC6抑制劑並不會顯著增加微管乙醯化，對鈣離子流入也無顯著影響，這使得HDAC6或許可應用在未來子宮頸癌的臨床治療上。此論文的第三個部分：利用原子力顯微鏡（AFM）與微柱陣列（mPADs）評估正常的子宮頸上皮細胞與不同惡性程度的子宮頸癌細胞，其細胞本體與細胞連接處（cell-cell junction）的力學性質，其力學評估包含高度與軟硬度。結果顯示，經歷上皮-間葉細胞轉換的子宮頸癌細胞，其細胞連接蛋白表現量明顯低於正常上皮細胞及無上皮-間葉細胞轉換的癌細胞，因而導致細胞連接處的高度有顯著的下降。且有趣的是，與正常上皮細胞相比，癌細胞的細胞本體軟硬度明顯較軟，但經過上皮-間葉細胞轉換過程後，細胞本體的軟硬度卻明顯變硬。結果更進一步證明上皮-間葉細胞轉換過程中所導致的兩種細胞骨架蛋白增加：甲型平滑肌動蛋白（-SMA）與中間型絲蛋白（vimentin），為細胞本體軟硬度上升的原因，利用核酸干擾技術降低甲型平滑肌動蛋白與中間型絲蛋白表現量之後，細胞本體的軟硬度則有顯著的下降。綜合以上結果，本研究可以為現今子宮頸癌細胞之機械生物學，提供些新的資訊。

Cell migration is an essential process during embryonic development, wound healing, angiogenesis and immunological chemotaxis. Migratory cells exert contractile force to supply the rear-end retraction and forward protrusion. The contractile force is involved in the regulation of focal adhesion turnover and cytoskeletal organization. Little is known about the mechanobiology of cancer cells. It is interesting to study in the regulatory mechanisms of contractile force in migratory cancer cells and the possible change of mechanical properties in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. By utilizing cervical cancer as a study model, there are three parts in this study. In the first part, whether Ca2+ signaling integrates the dynamic interactions between actomyosin and focal adhesions to mediate efficient cell migration were studied. The results show that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), medicated by an ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1, is necessary for cervical cancer cell migration through the regulation of actomyosin reorganization in conjunction with enhanced contractile forces. In the second part, The hypothesis that the modulation of microtubule dynamics by histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated α-tubulin deacetylation plays an important role in controlling STIM1-dependent Ca2+ signaling was studied. The results show that the microtubule-associated HDAC6 is necessary for STIM1 trafficking towards juxta-membrane regions. HDAC6-specific inhibitor, tubastatin-A blocks STIM1 trafficking and inhibits SOCE activation in cervical cancer cells but not in normal cervical epithelial cells. These results make the HDAC6-mediated STIM1 recruitment towards the plasma membrane as an attractive target to interfere with STIM1-mediated cancer malignant behaviors. In the third part, atomic force microscope (AFM) and microfabricated post array detector (mPADs) were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of cervical epithelial cell with different malignant potential. The results indicate the cellular stiffness of cervical cancer cells was softer than that of normal cervical epithelial cells. Interestingly, cervical cancer cells become more rigid in the process of EMT, which likely results from the upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Taken together, this study provides new information of cell mechanics on cervical cancer progression.

Abdullaev, I.F., J.M. Bisaillon, M. Potier, J.C. Gonzalez, R.K. Motiani, and M. Trebak. 2008. Stim1 and Orai1 mediate CRAC currents and store-operated calcium entry important for endothelial cell proliferation. Circ Res. 103:1289-1299.
Akhmanova, A., and M.O. Steinmetz. 2008. Tracking the ends: a dynamic protein network controls the fate of microtubule tips. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9:309-322.
Ananthakrishnan, R., and A. Ehrlicher. 2007. The forces behind cell movement. Int J Biol Sci. 3:303-317.
Bao, G., and S. Suresh. 2003. Cell and molecular mechanics of biological materials. Nat Mater. 2:715-725.
Baum, B., J. Settleman, and M.P. Quinlan. 2008. Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states in development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 19:294-308.
Berridge, M.J., M.D. Bootman, and H.L. Roderick. 2003. Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 4:517-529.
Birchmeier, W., and J. Behrens. 1994. Cadherin expression in carcinomas: role in the formation of cell junctions and the prevention of invasiveness. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1198:11-26.
Brandao, M.M., A. Fontes, M.L. Barjas-Castro, L.C. Barbosa, F.F. Costa, C.L. Cesar, and S.T. Saad. 2003. Optical tweezers for measuring red blood cell elasticity: application to the study of drug response in sickle cell disease. Eur J Haematol. 70:207-211.
Butler, K.V., J. Kalin, C. Brochier, G. Vistoli, B. Langley, and A.P. Kozikowski. 2010. Rational design and simple chemistry yield a superior, neuroprotective HDAC6 inhibitor, tubastatin A. J Am Chem Soc. 132:10842-10846.
Butt, H.-J., and M. Jaschke. 1995. Calculation of thermal noise in atomic force microscopy. Nanotechnology. 6:1-7.
Cahalan, M.D. 2009. STIMulating store-operated Ca(2+) entry. Nat Cell Biol. 11:669-677.
Canel, M., A. Serrels, M.C. Frame, and V.G. Brunton. 2013. E-cadherin-integrin crosstalk in cancer invasion and metastasis. J Cell Sci. 126:393-401.
Chen, C.S., M. Mrksich, S. Huang, G.M. Whitesides, and D.E. Ingber. 1997. Geometric control of cell life and death. Science. 276:1425-1428.
Chen, Y.F., Y.T. Chen, W.T. Chiu, and M.R. Shen. 2013a. Remodeling of calcium signaling in tumor progression. J Biomed. Sci. 20.
Chen, Y.F., W.T. Chiu, Y.T. Chen, P.Y. Lin, H.J. Huang, C.Y. Chou, H.C. Chang, M.J. Tang, and M.R. Shen. 2011a. Calcium store sensor stromal-interaction molecule 1-dependent signaling plays an important role in cervical cancer growth, migration, and angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108:15225-15230.
Chen, Y.T., Y.F. Chen, W.T. Chiu, Y.K. Wang, H.C. Chang, and M.R. Shen. 2013b. The ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 regulates actomyosin contractility of migratory cells. J Cell Sci. 126:1260-1267.
Chiu, W.T., M.J. Tang, H.C. Jao, and M.R. Shen. 2008. Soft substrate up-regulates the interaction of STIM1 with store-operated Ca2+ channels that lead to normal epithelial cell apoptosis. Mol Biol Cell. 19:2220-2230.
Chou, C.Y., M.R. Shen, and S.N. Wu. 1995. Volume-sensitive chloride channels associated with human cervical carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 55:6077-6083.
Chu, Y.W., E.A. Seftor, L.H. Romer, and M.J. Hendrix. 1996. Experimental coexpression of vimentin and keratin intermediate filaments in human melanoma cells augments motility. Am J Pathol. 148:63-69.
Costa, K.D. 2003. Single-cell elastography: probing for disease with the atomic force microscope. Dis Markers. 19:139-154.
Cross, S.E., Y.S. Jin, J. Rao, and J.K. Gimzewski. 2007. Nanomechanical analysis of cells from cancer patients. Nat Nanotechnol. 2:780-783.
Edme, N., J. Downward, J.P. Thiery, and B. Boyer. 2002. Ras induces NBT-II epithelial cell scattering through the coordinate activities of Rac and MAPK pathways. J Cell Sci. 115:2591-2601.
El Boustany, C., G. Bidaux, A. Enfissi, P. Delcourt, N. Prevarskaya, and T. Capiod. 2008. Capacitative calcium entry and transient receptor potential canonical 6 expression control human hepatoma cell proliferation. Hepatology. 47:2068-2077.
English, A.R., N. Zurek, and G.K. Voeltz. 2009. Peripheral ER structure and function. Curr Opin in Cell Biol. 21:596-602.
Feng, M., D.M. Grice, H.M. Faddy, N. Nguyen, S. Leitch, Y. Wang, S. Muend, P.A. Kenny, S. Sukumar, S.J. Roberts-Thomson, G.R. Monteith, and R. Rao. 2010. Store-independent activation of Orai1 by SPCA2 in mammary tumors. Cell. 143:84-98.
Feske, S. 2009. ORAI1 and STIM1 deficiency in human and mice: roles of store-operated Ca2+ entry in the immune system and beyond. Immunol Rev. 231:189-209.
Feske, S., Y. Gwack, M. Prakriya, S. Srikanth, S.H. Puppel, B. Tanasa, P.G. Hogan, R.S. Lewis, M. Daly, and A. Rao. 2006. A mutation in Orai1 causes immune deficiency by abrogating CRAC channel function. Nature. 441:179-185.
Fu, J., Y.K. Wang, M.T. Yang, R.A. Desai, X. Yu, Z. Liu, and C.S. Chen. 2010. Mechanical regulation of cell function with geometrically modulated elastomeric substrates. Nat Methods. 7:733-736.
Gilles, C., M. Polette, J.M. Zahm, J.M. Tournier, L. Volders, J.M. Foidart, and P. Birembaut. 1999. Vimentin contributes to human mammary epithelial cell migration. J Cell Sci. 112 ( Pt 24):4615-4625.
Grigoriev, I., S.M. Gouveia, B. van der Vaart, J. Demmers, J.T. Smyth, S. Honnappa, D. Splinter, M.O. Steinmetz, J.W. Putney, Jr., C.C. Hoogenraad, and A. Akhmanova. 2008. STIM1 is a MT-plus-end-tracking protein involved in remodeling of the ER. Curr Biol. 18:177-182.
Guo, R.W., and L. Huang. 2008. New insights into the activation mechanism of store-operated calcium channels: roles of STIM and Orai. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 9:591-601.
Guo, R.W., H. Wang, P. Gao, M.Q. Li, C.Y. Zeng, Y. Yu, J.F. Chen, M.B. Song, Y.K. Shi, and L. Huang. 2009. An essential role for stromal interaction molecule 1 in neointima formation following arterial injury. Cardiovasc Res. 81:660-668.
Haga, H., S. Sasaki, K. Kawabata, E. Ito, T. Ushiki, and T. Sambongi. 2000. Elasticity mapping of living fibroblasts by AFM and immunofluorescence observation of the cytoskeleton. Ultramicroscopy. 82:253-258.
Hartsock, A., and W.J. Nelson. 2008. Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1778:660-669.
Hendrix, M.J., E.A. Seftor, R.E. Seftor, and K.T. Trevor. 1997. Experimental co-expression of vimentin and keratin intermediate filaments in human breast cancer cells results in phenotypic interconversion and increased invasive behavior. Am J Pathol. 150:483-495.
Hendrix, M.J.C., E.A. Seftor, Y.-W. Chu, J.T. Trevor, and R.E.B. Seftor. 1996. Role of intermediate filaments in migration, invasion and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 15:19.
Hessler, J.A., A. Budor, K. Putchakayala, A. Mecke, D. Rieger, M.M. Banaszak Holl, B.G. Orr, A. Bielinska, J. Beals, and J. Baker, Jr. 2005. Atomic force microscopy study of early morphological changes during apoptosis. Langmuir. 21:9280-9286.
Hewavitharana, T., X. Deng, J. Soboloff, and D.L. Gill. 2007. Role of STIM and Orai proteins in the store-operated calcium signaling pathway. Cell Calcium. 42:173-182.
Honnappa, S., S.M. Gouveia, A. Weisbrich, F.F. Damberger, N.S. Bhavesh, H. Jawhari, I. Grigoriev, F.J. van Rijssel, R.M. Buey, A. Lawera, I. Jelesarov, F.K. Winkler, K. Wuthrich, A. Akhmanova, and M.O. Steinmetz. 2009. An EB1-binding motif acts as a microtubule tip localization signal. Cell. 138:366-376.
Hsu, Y.M., Y.F. Chen, C.Y. Chou, M.J. Tang, J.H. Chen, R.J. Wilkins, J.C. Ellory, and M.R. Shen. 2007. KCl cotransporter-3 down-regulates E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res. 67:11064-11073.
Hubbert, C., A. Guardiola, R. Shao, Y. Kawaguchi, A. Ito, A. Nixon, M. Yoshida, X.F. Wang, and T.P. Yao. 2002. HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase. Nature. 417:455-458.
Iyer, S., R.M. Gaikwad, V. Subba-Rao, C.D. Woodworth, and I. Sokolov. 2009. Atomic force microscopy detects differences in the surface brush of normal and cancerous cells. Nat Nanotechnol. 4:389-393.
Janke, C., and J.C. Bulinski. 2011. Post-translational regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton: mechanisms and functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 12:773-786.
Jiang, Q.J., G. Xu, F.F. Mao, and Y.F. Zhu. 2006. Effects of combination of irbesartan and perindopril on calcineurin expression and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity in rat cardiac pressure-overload hypertrophy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 7:228-234.
Jones, W.R., H.P. Ting-Beall, G.M. Lee, S.S. Kelley, R.M. Hochmuth, and F. Guilak. 1999. Alterations in the Young's modulus and volumetric properties of chondrocytes isolated from normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage. J Biomech. 32:119-127
Kadir, S., J.W. Astin, L. Tahtamouni, P. Martin, and C.D. Nobes. 2011. Microtubule remodelling is required for the front-rear polarity switch during contact inhibition of locomotion. J Cell Sci. 124:2642-2653.
Kalluri, R., and R.A. Weinberg. 2009. The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest. 119:1420-1428.
Kanchanawong, P., G. Shtengel, A.M. Pasapera, E.B. Ramko, M.W. Davidson, H.F. Hess, and C.M. Waterman. 2010. Nanoscale architecture of integrin-based cell adhesions. Nature. 468:580-584.

Kar, P., D. Bakowski, J. Di Capite, C. Nelson, and A.B. Parekh. 2012. Different agonists recruit different stromal interaction molecule proteins to support cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations and gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109:6969-6974.
Lattin, J.E., K. Schroder, A.I. Su, J.R. Walker, J. Zhang, T. Wiltshire, K. Saijo, C.K. Glass, D.A. Hume, S. Kellie, and M.J. Sweet. 2008. Expression analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in mouse macrophages. Immunome Res. 4:5.
Lee, M.Y., C.Y. Chou, M.J. Tang, and M.R. Shen. 2008. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer: correlation with tumor progression, epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression, and snail up-regulation. Clin Cancer Res. 14:4743-4750.
Lekka, M., P. Laidler, D. Gil, J. Lekki, Z. Stachura, and A.Z. Hrynkiewicz. 1999. Elasticity of normal and cancerous human bladder cells studied by scanning force microscopy. Eur Biophys J. 28:312-316.
Levayer, R., and T. Lecuit. 2008. Breaking down EMT. Nat Cell Biol. 10:757-759.
Li, M.X., and B.C. Liu. 2007. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Chin Med J (Engl). 120:1925-1930.
Mathur, A.B., A.M. Collinsworth, W.M. Reichert, W.E. Kraus, and G.A. Truskey. 2001. Endothelial, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle exhibit different viscous and elastic properties as determined by atomic force microscopy. J Biomech. 34:1545-1553.
Mattheyses, A.L., S.M. Simon, and J.Z. Rappoport. 2010. Imaging with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for the cell biologist. J Cell Sci. 123:3621-3628.
McAndrew, D., D.M. Grice, A.A. Peters, F.M. Davis, T. Stewart, M. Rice, C.E. Smart, M.A. Brown, P.A. Kenny, S.J. Roberts-Thomson, and G.R. Monteith. 2011. ORAI1-mediated calcium influx in lactation and in breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 10:448-460.
Mellman, I., and W.J. Nelson. 2008. Coordinated protein sorting, targeting and distribution in polarized cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9:833-845.
Mierke, C.T., D. Rosel, B. Fabry, and J. Brabek. 2008. Contractile forces in tumor cell migration. Eur J Cell Biol. 87:669-676.
Milner, R., and I.L. Campbell. 2002. Cytokines regulate microglial adhesion to laminin and astrocyte extracellular matrix via protein kinase C-dependent activation of the alpha6beta1 integrin. J Neurosci. 22:1562-1572.
Monet, M., V. Lehen'kyi, F. Gackiere, V. Firlej, M. Vandenberghe, M. Roudbaraki, D. Gkika, A. Pourtier, G. Bidaux, C. Slomianny, P. Delcourt, F. Rassendren, J.P. Bergerat, J. Ceraline, F. Cabon, S. Humez, and N. Prevarskaya. 2010. Role of Cationic Channel TRPV2 in Promoting Prostate Cancer Migration and Progression to Androgen Resistance. Cancer Res. 70:1225-1235.
Monteith, G.R., F.M. Davis, and S.J. Roberts-Thomson. 2012. Calcium Channels and Pumps in Cancer: Changes and Consequences. J Biol Chem. 287:31666-31673.
Motiani, R.K., I.F. Abdullaev, and M. Trebak. 2010. A novel native store-operated calcium channel encoded by Orai3: selective requirement of Orai3 versus Orai1 inestrogen receptor-positive versus estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 285:19173-19183.
Motiani, R.K., X.X. Zhang, K.E. Harmon, R.S. Keller, K. Matrougui, J.A. Bennett, and M. Trebak. 2013. Orai3 is an estrogen receptor alpha-regulated Ca2+ channel that promotes tumorigenesis. FASEB J. 27:63-75.
Oh-Hora, M., M. Yamashita, P.G. Hogan, S. Sharma, E. Lamperti, W. Chung, M. Prakriya, S. Feske, and A. Rao. 2008. Dual functions for the endoplasmic reticulum calcium sensors STIM1 and STIM2 in T cell activation and tolerance. Nat Immunol. 9:432-443.
Parekh, A.B. 2010. Store-operated CRAC channels: function in health and disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 9:399-410.
Paszek, M.J., N. Zahir, K.R. Johnson, J.N. Lakins, G.I. Rozenberg, A. Gefen, C.A. Reinhart-King, S.S. Margulies, M. Dembo, D. Boettiger, D.A. Hammer, and V.M. Weaver. 2005. Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype. Cancer Cell. 8:241-254.
Potier, M., J.C. Gonzalez, R.K. Motiani, I.F. Abdullaev, J.M. Bisaillon, H.A. Singer, and M. Trebak. 2009. Evidence for STIM1- and Orai1-dependent store-operated calcium influx through ICRAC in vascular smooth muscle cells: role in proliferation and migration. FASEB J. 23:2425-2437.
Prevarskaya, N., R. Skryma, and Y. Shuba. Calcium in tumour metastasis: new roles for known actors. Nat Rev Cancer. 11:609-618.
Pulver, R.A., P. Rose-Curtis, M.W. Roe, G.C. Wellman, and K.M. Lounsbury. 2004. Store-operated Ca2+ entry activates the CREB transcription factor in vascular smooth muscle. Circ Res. 94:1351-1358.
Putney, J.W., Jr. 2005. Capacitative calcium entry: sensing the calcium stores. J Cell Biol. 169:381-382.
Qu, B., D. Al-Ansary, C. Kummerow, C. Kummerow, and E.C. Schwarz. 2011. ORAI-mediated calcium influx in T cell proliferation, apoptosis and tolerance. Cell Calcium. 50:261-269.
Rao, J., and N. Li. 2004. Microfilament actin remodeling as a potential target for cancer drug development. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 4:345-354.
Reed, N.A., D. Cai, T.L. Blasius, G.T. Jih, E. Meyhofer, J. Gaertig, and K.J. Verhey. 2006. Microtubule acetylation promotes kinesin-1 binding and transport. Curr Biol. 16:2166-2172.
Ridley, A.J. 2011. Life at the leading edge. Cell. 145:1012-1022.
Roberts-Thomson, S.J., A.A. Peters, D.M. Grice, and G.R. Monteith. 2010. ORAI-mediated calcium entry: Mechanism and roles, diseases and pharmacology. Pharmacol Therapeut. 127:121-130.
Roderick, H.L., and S.J. Cook. 2008. Ca2+ signalling checkpoints in cancer: remodelling Ca2+ for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Nat Rev Cancer. 8:361-375.
Rotsch, C., K. Jacobson, and M. Radmacher. 1999. Dimensional and mechanical dynamics of active and stable edges in motile fibroblasts investigated by using atomic force microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96:921-926.
Sabbioni, S., G. Barbanti-Brodano, C.M. Croce, and M. Negrini. 1997. GOK: a gene at 11p15 involved in rhabdomyosarcoma and rhabdoid tumor development. Cancer Res. 57:4493-4497.
Sanz-Moreno, V., C. Gaggioli, M. Yeo, J. Albrengues, F. Wallberg, A. Viros, S. Hooper, R. Mitter, C.C. Feral, M. Cook, J. Larkin, R. Marais, G. Meneguzzi, E. Sahai, and C.J. Marshall. 2011. ROCK and JAK1 Signaling Cooperate to Control Actomyosin Contractility in Tumor Cells and Stroma. Cancer Cell. 20:229-245.
Shen, M.R., C.Y. Chou, and J.C. Ellory. 2000. Volume-sensitive KCl cotransport associated with human cervical carcinogenesis. Pflug Arch Eur J Phy. 440:751-760.
Shen, M.R., C.Y. Chou, K.F. Hsu, H.S. Liu, P.B. Dunham, E.J. Holtzman, and J.C. Ellory. 2001. The KCl cotransporter isoform KCC3 can play an important role in cell growth regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98:14714-14719.
Shook, D., and R. Keller. 2003. Mechanisms, mechanics and function of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in early development. Mech Dev. 120:1351-1383.
Shuttleworth, T.J. 2012. Orai3-the exceptional' Orai? J Physiol-London. 590:241-257.
Smyth, J.T., J.G. Petranka, R.R. Boyles, W.I. DeHaven, M. Fukushima, K.L. Johnson, J.G. Williams, and J.W. Putney, Jr. 2009. Phosphorylation of STIM1 underlies suppression of store-operated calcium entry during mitosis. Nat Cell Biol. 11:1465-1472.
Soboloff, J., B.S. Rothberg, M. Madesh, and D.L. Gill. 2012. STIM proteins: dynamic calcium signal transducers. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 13:549-565.
Suresh, S. 2007. Biomechanics and biophysics of cancer cells. Acta Biomater. 3:413-438.
Suyama, E., R. Wadhwa, K. Kaur, M. Miyagishi, S.C. Kaul, H. Kawasaki, and K. Taira. 2004. Identification of metastasis-related genes in a mouse model using a library of randomized ribozymes. J Biol Chem. 279:38083-38086.
Tan, J.L., J. Tien, D.M. Pirone, D.S. Gray, K. Bhadriraju, and C.S. Chen. 2003. Cells lying on a bed of microneedles: an approach to isolate mechanical force. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100:1484-1489.
Taylor, C.W. 2006. Store-operated Ca2+ entry: A STIMulating stOrai. Trends Biochem Sci. 31:597-601.
Thiery, J.P. 2002. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:442-454.
Varnai, P., L. Hunyady, and T. Balla. 2009. STIM and Orai: the long-awaited constituents of store-operated calcium entry. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 30:118-128.
Vicente-Manzanares, M., X. Ma, R.S. Adelstein, and A.R. Horwitz. 2009. Non-muscle myosin II takes centre stage in cell adhesion and migration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 10:778-790.
Vliet, K.J.V., G. Bao, and S. Suresh. 2003. The biomechanics toolbox: experimental approaches for living cells and biomolecules. Acta Materialia. 51:5881-5905.
Weng, T., W. Chiu, H. Liu, M. Shen, D. Mount, and C. Chou. 2013. Glycosylation Regulates the Function and Membrane Localization of KCC4. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1833:1133-1146.
Xu, P., J. Lu, Z. Li, X. Yu, L. Chen, and T. Xu. 2006. Aggregation of STIM1 underneath the plasma membrane induces clustering of Orai1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 350:969-976.
Yamazaki, D., S. Kurisu, and T. Takenawa. 2005. Regulation of cancer cell motility through actin reorganization. Cancer Sci. 96:379-386.
Yang, S., J.J. Zhang, and X.Y. Huang. 2009a. Orai1 and STIM1 are critical for breast tumor cell migration and metastasis. Cancer Cell. 15:124-134.
Yang, S.Y., J.J.L. Zhang, and X.Y. Huang. 2009b. Orai1 and STIM1 Are Critical for Breast Tumor Cell Migration and Metastasis. Cancer Cell. 15:124-134.
Yilmaz, M., and G. Christofori. 2009. EMT, the cytoskeleton, and cancer cell invasion. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 28:15-33.
Zhang, Y., N. Li, C. Caron, G. Matthias, D. Hess, S. Khochbin, and P. Matthias. 2003. HDAC-6 interacts with and deacetylates tubulin and microtubules in vivo. EMBO J. 22:1168-1179.
Zhu, C., G. Bao, and N. Wang. 2000. Cell mechanics: mechanical response, cell adhesion, and molecular deformation. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2:189-226.
Zilberman, Y., C. Ballestrem, L. Carramusa, R. Mazitschek, S. Khochbin, and A. Bershadsky. 2009. Regulation of microtubule dynamics by inhibition of the tubulin deacetylase HDAC6. J Cell Sci. 122:3531-3541.