研究背景：妊娠週數越少的新生兒，死亡率及罹病率都較正常週數出生之新生兒高。近年來已開發國家的早產發生率是呈現上升的趨勢，而早產率在部分國家主要部分上升的為醫源性早產。然而，台灣地區近年對於新生兒早產趨勢的研究仍甚缺乏。本研究的目的是探討台灣地區2001年至2011年的早產率趨勢的變化以及危險因子。
方法：本研究使用2001-20011出生通報資料庫，將早產分為自發性早產與醫源性早產，使用Cochran-Armitage 趨勢檢定早產是否有的趨勢變化存在，並使用羅吉斯迴歸檢視早產的危險因子及早產的趨勢變化及方向。
研究結果：台灣地區2001-2011之單數年共有1,274,212名新生兒，平均早產率為8.58%，早產率由2001年8.15%上升至2011年之9.1%；醫源性早產率由2001年4.06%上升至2011年為5.25%；自發性早產率由2001年4.09%下降至2011年為3.86%；造成早產上升的醫源性早產其危險因子為：糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、高血壓、妊娠高血壓、妊娠毒血症、羊水過多或羊水過少、子宮頸閉鎖不全、腎臟疾病、男性新生兒、高齡與多胞胎、先天性缺陷；經高齡與多胞胎分層後發現除高齡單胞胎上升趨勢不顯著外，非高齡單胞胎與多胞胎早產趨勢皆有上升。經多變量迴歸分析控制後發現，多胞胎與高齡是影響早產趨勢的重要因子，且其中又以多胞胎更具影響力。
研究結論：台灣地區2001年至2011年醫源性早產趨勢呈現上升的趨勢。未來政府在規劃婚育政策的時候應該全盤考慮完整的配套措施，規劃適切的政策，提升環境友善，鼓勵女性適齡生產。

Several studies show increasing trends in preterm birth in developed countries. Compared to babies with full term of gestation, preterm babies have higher morbidity and mortality. However, the study of preterm trends in Taiwan was still rare. The aim of study was to examine the trends of preterm birth rate between 2001 and 2011 in Taiwan and to explore the risk factors of preterm birth. We analyzed the data of preterm birth collecting from the National Medical Birth Register database. Preterm birth was divided into spontaneous preterm and medically indicated preterm birth. Cochran–Armitage test and logistic regression models were used to test the trends of all preterm birth rate. Risk factors of preterm birth were also assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. The results showed the overall preterm birth risk increased from 8.15% to 9.1%；the spontaneous preterm birth was from 4.06% to 5.25%; the medically indicated preterm was from 4.09% to 3.86%, respectively. It was also found the trends in all preterm birth and medically indicated preterm was significantly increased, but trend of spontaneous preterm rate was significantly decreased. Risk factors for medically indicated preterm birth in Taiwan are: diabetes, gestational diabetes, hypertension, gestational hypertension, cervical insufficiency, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios kidney disease and congenital anomalies. Multiple births and advanced maternal age are important contributor to the increase in medically indicated preterm births. However the trends of advanced maternal age but single births is not significant.

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