1978年伊朗爆發伊斯蘭革命導致西化的巴勒維政權（the Pahlavis）垮臺，採行政教合一體制的伊朗伊斯蘭共和國（Islamic Republic of Iran）取而代之；而1960至1970年代蓬勃發展的伊斯蘭主義（Islamism）可視為革命的間接成因。本研究梳理當代伊朗的政治與社會脈絡，以釐清革命思想產生的原因，同時亦從思想史角度切入，探悉馬克思主義、去殖民化等二十世紀中葉流行的思潮對伊斯蘭政治論述的影響。本研究的核心目標，則是探討伊朗的知識分子與宗教人士如何依據宗教元素，透過重新詮釋什葉伊斯蘭的教義與歷史突顯穆斯林的政治責任，並建構有利於革命動員的政教論述。

The political Islamic ideology flourished in Iran between the 1960s and1970s. This trend could be regarded as an indirect cause for the outbreak of the Islamic Revolution in 1978, which led to the collapse of the secular Pahlavi regime making the Islamic Republic established. This study aims to clarify the reasons for the emergence of revolutionary thoughts by viewing the political and social background of contemporary Iran. To investigate the formation process of the religious revolutionary discourses, the essay also attempts to find out how popular ideologies (such as Marxism and decolonization) had impacted on the expressions of political Islam. The major concern of this study is to discuss how the Iranian intellectuals and religionists transformed Shi’ism into a revolutionary discourse system by reinterpreting and reconstructing Shi’i doctrines, which emphasized the political duty of all Muslims, and thus beneficial toward mobilization.

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