THC-COOH已廣泛作為污水中大麻暴露之生物標記，然而其於低濃度污水基質中的定量分析仍具挑戰性。在臺灣污水中，THC-COOH往往以較低濃度存在，且可能有相當比例分布於污水固相，因此僅分析液相可能低估其總可測量量。本研究開發一套整合液相與固相之分析策略，用於定量原始進流污水中的THC-COOH。污水樣本液相與固相分離後，固相之最佳固液萃取 (solid-liquid extraction, SLE) 條件為使用100 mg乾燥污水固體，以乙酸乙酯作為萃取溶劑，並進行10分鐘超音波處理；在此條件下，加標回收率為90.17 ± 3.95%，相對標準偏差為4.38%。對應之液相樣本則以固相萃取 (solid-phase extraction, SPE) 進行處理，液相與固相皆以超高效液相層析高解析質譜 (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, UHPLC-HRMS) 進行分析。本研究將此整合流程應用於臺灣五座污水處理廠 (wastewater treatment plants, WWTPs) 之進流污水樣本。所有樣本的液相與固相中皆可定量THC-COOH，其中液相平均濃度範圍為10.49至16.02 ng/L wastewater，固相平均濃度範圍為309.32至464.58 ng/g dry solid。以1 L污水為共同基準進行換算後，固相占總可測量THC-COOH量的比例為76.42至78.17%，平均占比為77.13 ± 0.74%。此外，THC作為補充監測目標，其固相平均占比為83.05 ± 1.05%。上述結果支持同時納入液相與固相，以提升低濃度污水中THC-COOH定量結果的代表性。

THC-COOH is widely used as a wastewater biomarker for cannabis exposure, but its determination remains challenging in low-concentration wastewater matrices. In Taiwanese wastewater, THC-COOH may occur at low levels and may be substantially associated with wastewater solids; therefore, analysis of the liquid fraction alone may underestimate the total measurable amount. This study developed an integrated analytical strategy incorporating both the liquid and solid fractions for THC-COOH determination in raw influent wastewater. Following separation of the two fractions, the optimized solid-liquid extraction (SLE) conditions consisted of 100 mg of dried wastewater solids, ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent, and 10 min of sonication, yielding a background-subtracted spike recovery of 90.17 ± 3.95% with an RSD of 4.38%. The corresponding liquid fractions were processed by solid-phase extraction (SPE), and both fractions were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The integrated workflow was applied to influent wastewater samples from five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Taiwan. THC-COOH was quantified in both fractions of all samples, with mean concentrations ranging from 10.49 to 16.02 ng/L wastewater in the liquid fraction and from 309.32 to 464.58 ng/g dry solid in the solid fraction. On a 1 L wastewater basis, the contribution of the solid fraction ranged from 76.42 to 78.17% of the total measurable THC-COOH amount, with a mean contribution of 77.13 ± 0.74%. THC was additionally monitored as a supplementary target and showed a mean contribution of 83.05 ± 1.05% in the solid fraction. These findings support the inclusion of both fractions for more representative THC-COOH determination in low-concentration wastewater.

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