簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 慕齊
Rahadian, Mungki
論文名稱: The Effects of Decision-Making Styles on Consumers’ Perceptions: The Moderating Effects of Religiosity and Type of Products
The Effects of Decision-Making Styles on Consumers’ Perceptions: The Moderating Effects of Religiosity and Type of Products
指導教授: 吳萬益
Wu, Wann-Yih
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 國際經營管理研究所碩士班
Institute of International Management (IIMBA--Master)
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 94
外文關鍵詞: Purchase intention, Type of products, Religiosity, Perceived sacrifice, Perceived value, Perceived quality, Consumer decision making styles
相關次數: 點閱:111下載:1
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • The study proposed to understand the effect of consumers’ decision making styles on their perceptions. It also explore the relationship among extrinsic factor of consumers’ perceptions; perceived quality, perceived value, perceived sacrifice which influence on purchase intention. In addition, this study investigates the moderating effect of religiosity and type of products on the effect of consumer decision making styles in purchase intention.
    This study surveyed and collected 472 questionnaires. Ten hypotheses are developed and tested with data from scenario-based questionnaires. In addition, Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypotheses testing and fit measurements of research models.
    The results indicate that consumer decision making styles are found to have relationship with perceived quality, perceived value and perceived sacrifice. Perceived quality is found to have positive relationship with perceived value and purchase intention. Perceived value also found to have influence on purchase intention. Finally, this study also found that religiosity and product types tend to moderate the effect of consumer decision making styles on purchase intention. Specifically, consumers’ with higher level of religiosity and buying utilitarian products tend to have higher purchase intention.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I ABSTRACT II TABLE OF CONTENT III LIST OF TABLE VII LIST OF FIGURE IX APPENDIXES X CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1 1.2 The Purpose and Scope of the Study 4 1.3 Research Process 6 1.4 Structure of the Research 7 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1 Definition of Research Constructs 9 2.1.1 Consumer Decision-Making Styles 9 2.1.2 Consumer Perception toward the Product 13 2.1.2.1 Perceived Value 13 2.1.2.2 Perceived Quality 15 2.1.2.3. Perceived Sacrifice 15 2.1.3 Purchase Intention 16 2.1.4 Religiosity 16 2.1.5 Type of Products 19 2.2 Interrelationship among Research Constructs 19 2.2.1 Interrelationship between Consumer Decision-Making Styles and Consumer Perceptions 19 2.2.2 Interrelationship between Perceived Product Quality and Perceived Product Value 20 2.2.3 Interrelationship between Perceived Sacrifice and Perceived Product Value 21 2.2.4 Interrelationship between Perceived Product Quality and Purchase Intention 21 2.2.5 Interrelationship between Perceived Product Value and Purchase Intention 22 2.2.6 Interrelationship between Consumer Decision-Making Styles and Purchase Intention 22 2.2.7 Moderating Effect of Religiosity 23 2.2.8 Moderating Effect of Type of Products 24 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 26 3.1 The Conceptual Model 26 3.2 Construct Measurement 27 3.2.1 Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (RCI-10) 27 3.2.2 Consumer Decision-Making Styles 28 3.2.3. Consumer Perception 29 3.2.3.1 Perceived Quality 30 3.2.3.2 Perceived Value 30 3.2.3.3 Perceived Sacrifice 31 3.2.4 Purchasing Intention 31 3.2.5 Type of Products 31 3.2.6 Demographics 32 3.3 Hypotheses to Be Tested 33 3.4 Selection of Product Types and Country 34 3.5 Questionnaire Design 34 3.6 Sample Plan 34 3.7 Data Analysis Procedure 35 3.7.1 Descriptive Statistic Analysis 35 3.7.2 Factor Analysis and Reliability Tests 35 3.7.3 Interrelationship between Research Variable 36 CHAPTER FOUR DESCRIPTIVE AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS 38 4.1 Descriptive and Reliability Analysis 38 4.2 Characteristics of Respondents 38 4.3 Measurement Result for Relevant Variable 40 4.4 Factor Analysis and Reliability Test 44 4.4.1 Consumer Decision Making Styles 44 4.4.2 Perceived Quality 46 4.4.3 Perceived Value 47 4.4.4 Perceived Sacrifice 47 4.4.5 Purchase Intention 48 4.4.6 Religiosity 49 4.5 Difference of Research Variable under Different Level of Religiosity and Type of Products 50 4.6 Difference of Research Variable under Different Religions (Moslem and Non Moslem) and Type of Products 53 4.7 Difference of Research Variable under Different Genders and Type of Products 55 4.6 Descriptive Statistics and Correlation for All Variables 56 CHAPTER FIVE RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 58 5.1 Criterion of Research Procedures of CFA and SEM 58 5.3 Measurement Models 60 5.3.1 The Combined Measurement Model 60 5.4 The Structural Model 60 5.5 Path Results 62 5.6 Moderator Effect 66 CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 70 6.1 Research Conclusions 70 6.2 Managerial Implications 73 6.3 Limitations and Future Research 74 REFERENCES 76

    Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitude and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
    Al-Sabbahy, H. Z., Ekinci, Y., & Riley, M. (2004). An investigation of perceived value dimensions: Implications for hospitality research. Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 226-234.
    Allport, G. W. (1950). The Individual and His Religion: A Psychological Interpretation. New York, NY: Macmillian.
    Anand, C., & Kumar, M. (1982). Developing a modernity attiude scale. Indian Educational Review, 17(3), 28-42.
    Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411- 423.
    Anderson, J. C., Jain, C., & Chintagunta, P. K. (1993). Customer Value Assessment in Business Markets. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 1(1), 3-29.
    Assael, H. (1995). Consumer behavior and marketing action. Cincinnati OH: South Western College Publishing.
    Babin, B. J., William, R. D., & Mitch, G. (1994). Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 644-656.
    Bailey, J. M., & Sood, J. (1993). The Effects of Religious Affiliation on Consumer Behavior: A Preliminary Investigation. Journal of Managerial Issues, 5(3), 328-352.
    Bakewell, C., & Mitchel, V. W. (2004). Male consumer decision-making styles. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 14(2), 223-240.
    Batra, R., & Ahtola, O. T. (1990). Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian sources of consumer attitudes. Marketing Letters, 2(2), 159-170.
    Batson, C. D. (1976). Religion as prosocial: Agent or double agent? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 15(1), 29-45.
    Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161.
    Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
    Berne, C., Mugica, J. M., & Rivera, P. (2005). The managerial ability to control the varied behaviour of regular customers in retailing: Interformat differences. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 12(3), 151-164.
    Birch, D., Schirato, T., & Srivastava, S. (2001). Asia-cultural politics in the global age. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
    Boulding, W., Karla, A., Staelin, R., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1993). A dynamic process model of service quality: from expectations to behavioral intentions. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), 7-27.
    Brady, M. K., & Cronin, J. J. (2001). Some new thoughts on conceptualizing perceived service quality: A hierarchical approach. Journal of Marketing, 65(3), 34-49.
    Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Carman, J. M. (1990). Consumer perceptions of service quality: an assessment of the SERVQUAL dimensions. Journal of Retailing, 66(1), 33-55.
    Chen, Z., & Dubinsky, A. (2003). A conceptual model of perceived customer value in e-commerce: A preliminary investigation. Psychology & Marketing, 20(4), 323-347.
    Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., & Hult, G. T. M. (2000). Assessing the effect of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environtment. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193-218.
    Cutler, B. (1991). Religion and marketing: important research area or a footnote in the literature? Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 8(1), 153 - 164
    Darden, W. R., & Ashton, D. (1975). Psychographic profiles of patronage preference groups. Journal of Retailing, 50(Winter), 99–112.
    Delener, N. (1990a). An examination of the religious influences as predictors of consumer innovativeness. Journal of Midwest Marketing, 5(Spring), 167-178.
    Delener, N. (1990b). The effects of religious factors on perceived risk in durable goods purchase decisions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 7(3), 27.
    Delener, N. (1994). Religious contrasts in consumer decision behaviour patterns: Their dimensions and marketing implications. European Journal of Marketing, 28(5), 36.
    Dodds, William, B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effect of price, brand, and store information on buyers' product evaluation. Journal of Marketing Research, 28, 307-319.
    Dodds, W. B., & Monroe, K. B. (1985). The effect of brand and price information on subjective product evaluation. Advances in Consumer Research, 12(1), 85-90.
    Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand and store information on buyers’ product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 307-319.
    Dumond, E. J. (2000). Value management: and underlying framework. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20(9), 1062-1077.
    Dunn, S. C., Seaker, R. F., & Waller, M. (1994). Latent variables in business logistics research: Scale development and validation. Journal of Business Logistics, 15(2), 145-172.
    Durvasula, S., Lysonski, S., & Andrews, J. C. (1993). Cross-cultural generalizability of a scale for profiling consumer’s decision making styles. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 27(1), 55-65.
    Essoo, N., & Dibb, S. (2004). Religious Influences on Shopping Behaviour: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Marketing Management, 20(7-8), 683-712.
    Fan, J. X., & Xiao, J. J. (1998). Consumer decision-making styles of young-adult chinese. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 32(2), 275-294.
    Field, J. R. B. (2000). An empirical investigation of consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions of counterfeit products: a means-end chain analysis. Mississippi State University, Mississippi.
    Gale, B. T. (1994). Managing customer value: Creating quality and service that customer can see. New York NY: The Free Press.
    Gehrt, K. C., & Carter, K. (1992). An exploratory assessment of catalog shopping orientations: The existence of convenience and recreational segments. Journal of Direct Marketing, 6(1), 29-39.
    Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. Journal of Marketing Research, 25(May), 186-193.
    Girard, T., Korgaonkar, P., & Silverblatt, R. (2003). Relationship of type of product, shopping orientations, and demographics with preference for shopping on the internet Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(1), 101-120.
    Gorsuch, R. L. (1994). Toward Motivation Theories of Intrinsic Religious Commitment. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 33(4), 315-325.
    Greeley, A. (1977). The american catholic. New York, NY: Basic Books.
    Grewal, D., Krishnan, R., Baker, J., & Robin, N. (1998). The effect of store name, brand name, and price discounts on consumers’ evaluations and purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing, 74(3), 331-352.
    Hafstrom, J. L., Chae, J. S., & Chung, Y. S. (1992). Consumer decision making styles: comparison between United States and Korean young consumers. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 26(1), 146-158.
    Hair, J., Jr., Black, W., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6 ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
    Hartline, M. D., & Ferrell, O. C. (1996). The management of customer-contact service employees: An empirical investigation. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 52-70.
    Hatcher, L. (1994). A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
    Hauser, J. R., & Urban, G. (1986). The value priority hypotheses for consumer budget plans. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(4), 446-462.
    Hill, P. C., & Hood, J. R. W. (1999). Measures of religiosity. Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press.
    Hirschman, E. C. (1981). American jewish ethnicity: Its relationship to some selected aspects of consumer behaviour. Journal of Marketing Management, 45(3), 102-110.
    Hirschman, E. C. (1983). Religious affiliation and consumption processes. Research in Marketing, 6(1), 131-170.
    Hirschman, E. C., & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing, 46(3), 92-101.
    Hiu, A. S. Y., Siu, N. Y., Wang, C. C. L., & Chang, L. M. K. (2001). An investigate of decision-making styles of consumer in China. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(2), 326-345.
    Hulland, J., Chow, Y. H., & Lam, S. (1996). Use of causal models in marketing research: A review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 181-197.
    Hung, K. M. (2004). Consumer decision-making, perceived product value, and purchasing behavior in the Taipei digital camera market. The University of the Incarnate Word.
    Jin, B., Sternquist, B., & Koh, A. (2003). Price as hedonic shopping. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 31( 4), 378-402.
    Kandemir, Destan, Yaprak, A., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2006). Alliance orientation: Conceptualization, measurement, and impact on market performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(3), 324-341.
    King, J. E., & Crowther, M. R. (2004). The measurement of religiosity and spirituality. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(1), 83-101.
    Klein, T. (1987). Prophets and profits - A macromarketing perspective on economic justice for all: Catholic social teaching and the U.S. economy. Journal of Macromarketing, 7(1), 59-77.
    Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M., & Larson, D. B. (2000). Handbook of Religion and Health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    Kwon, H. H., Trail, G., & James, J. D. (2007). The mediating role of perceived value: Team identification and purchase intention of team-licensed apparel. Journal of Sport Management, 21(4), 540-554.
    LaBarbera, P. (1987). Consumer behavior and born again Christianity. Research in Consumer Behaviour, 2(1), 193-222.
    Lastovicka, J. L. (1982). On the validation of lifestyle traits: a review and illustration. Journal of Marketing Research, 19(February), 126-138.
    Lee, H., Lee, Y., & Yoo, D. (2000). The determinants of perceived service quality and its relation with satisfaction. Journal of Service Marketing, 14(3), 217-231.
    Leek, S., & Chansawatkit, S. (2006). Consumer confusion in the Thai mobile phone market. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5(6), 518-532.
    Lindridge, A. (2005). Religiosity and the construction of a cultural-consumption identity. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(3), 142-151.
    Lu, C. S., Lai, K. H., & Chen, T. C. E. (2007). Application of structural equation model to evaluate the intention of shippers to use Internet services in liner shipping. European Journal of Operational Research, 180(2), 845-867.
    Lumpkin, J. R., & Burnett, J. J. (1991-1992). Identifying determinants of store type choice of the mature consumer. Journal of Applied Business Research, 8(1), 89-102.
    Luqmani, M., Yavas, U., & Quraeshi, Z. (1987). Advertising in saudi arabia: Content and regulation. International Journal of Advertising, 6(1), 59-71.
    Lysonski, S., Durvasula, S., & Zotos, Y. (1996). Consumer Decision making styles: a multi-country investigation. European Journal of Marketing, 30(12), 10-21.
    Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonal, R. (1988). Goodness-of-fit index in conformatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 391-410.
    Martin, I. M., & Stewart, D. W. (2001). The differential impact of goal congruency on attitudes, intentions, and the transfer of brand equity. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(4), 471-484.
    Maxwell, S. (2001). An expanded price/brand effect model: A demonstration of heterogeneity in global consumption. International Marketing Review, 18(3), 325-343.
    McDaniel, S. W., & Burnett, J. J. (1990). Consumer religiosity and retail store evaluative criteria. Journal Of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18(2), 101-112.
    Mitchell, V. W., & Bates, L. (1998). UK consumer decision-making styles. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(1/3), 199-225.
    Mokhlis, S. (2006). The effect of religiosity on shopping orientation: An exploratory study in malaysia. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 9(1), 64.
    Monroe, K. B. (1991). Pricing-making profitable decisions. New York: McGraw Hill.
    Moschis, G. P. (1976). Shopping orientations and consumer uses of information. Journal of Retailing, 52(Summer), 61-70.
    MSI. (2001). 2002-2004 research priorities. In a guide to MSI research programs and procedures: Marketing Science Institute.
    Netemeyer, R. G., Krishnana, B., Pullig, C., Wang, G., Yagci, M., & Dean, D. (2004). Developing and validating measures of facets of customer-based brand equity. Journal of Business Research, 57(2), 209-224.
    Oh, H. (2003). Price fairness and its asymmetric effects on overall price, quality, and value judgements: the case of a upscale hotel. Tourism Management, 24(4), 241-249.
    Okada, E. M. (2005). Justification effects on consumer choice of hedonic and utilitarian goods. Journal of Marketing Research, 42(1), 43-53.
    Olchavsky, R. W., & Rosen, D. L. (1985). Use of product-testing organizations' recommendations as a strategy for choice simplification. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 19(1), 118-130.
    Parasuraman, A. (1997). Reflections on gaining competitive advantage through customer value. Journal Of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(4), 332-342.
    Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V., & Berry, L. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31-46.
    Quelch, J. A., & Kenny, D. (1994). Extend profits, not product lines. Harvard Business Review, September-October, 153-160.
    Ravald, A., & Gronroos, C. (1996). The value concept and relationship marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 30(2), 19-30.
    Rawwas, M. Y. A., Swaidan, Z., & Al-Khatib, J. (2006). Does religion matter? A comparison study of the ethical beliefs of marketing students of religious and secular universities in Japan. Journal of Business Ethics, 65(Springer), 69-86.
    Richards, P. S., & Bergin, A. E. (1997). A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    Robinson, J. P., & Shaver, P. R. (1973). Measures of social psychological attitudes. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research.
    Rowley, J. (1998). Quality measurement in the public sector: some perspectives from the service quality literature. Total Quality Management, 9(2/3), 321-335.
    Sanchez, J., Callarisa, L., Rodrıguez, R. M., & Moliner, M. A. (2006). Perceived value of the purchase of a tourism product. Tourism Management, 27 (3), 394-409.
    Schiffman, L., & Kanuk, L. (1994). Consumer behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    Segars, A. (1997). Assessing the unidimensionality of measurement: A paradigm and illustration within the context of information systems research. Omega, International Journal Management Sciences, 25(1), 107-121.
    Sheth, J. N. (1974). A Theory of Family Buying Decisions, . In Models of Buyer Behaviour: Conceptual, and Empirical (pp. 17-33). New York: Harper & Row.
    Shim, S., & Gehrt, K. C. (1996). Hispanic and native american adolescents: An exploratory study of their approach to shopping. Journal of Retailing, 72(Fall), 307-324.
    Sinha, I., & DeSarbo, W. S. (1998). An integrated approach toward the spatial modeling of perceived customer value. Journal of Marketing Research, 35(2), 236-249.
    Smith, M. C., & Frankenberger, K. D. (1991). The effect of religiosity on selected aspects of consumer behavior, Canada.
    Snoj, B., Korda, A. P., & Mumel, D. (2004). The relationship among perceived quality, risk and product value. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 13(3), 156-167.
    Sood, J., & Nasu, Y. (1995). Religiosity and nationality: An exploratory study of their effect on consumer behaviour in Japan and The United States. Journal of Business Research, 34(1), 1-9.
    Spilka, B., Hood, R. W. J., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1985). The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    Sproles, G. B. (1985). From perfectionism to dadaism: measuring consumers' decision-making styles. Paper presented at the Proceedings American Council on Consumer Interest Conference, Columbus.
    Sproles, G. B., & Kendall, E. L. (1986). A methodology for profiling consumers' decision-making styles. Journal of Consumer Affair, 2(2), 267-279.
    Stone, G. P. (1954). City shoppers and urban identification: Observations on the social psychology of city life. American Journal of Sociology, 60(1), 36-45.
    Strahilevitz, M. A., & Myers, J. G. (1998). Donations to charity as purchase incentives: How well they work may depend on what you are trying to se!! Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 434-440.
    Sweeney, J. C., Soutar, G. N., & Johnson, L. W. (1999). The role of perceived risk in the quality-value relationship: A study in retail environment. Journal of Retailing, 75(1), 77-105.
    Teas, K., & Agarwal, S. (2000). The effect of extrinsic product cues on consumer perceptions of quality, sacrifice, and value. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 280-292.
    Teas, K., & Agarwal, S. (2001). Perceived value: mediating role of perceived risk. Journal of Marketing: Theory and Practice, 9(4), 1-14.
    Tsiotsou, R. (2006). The role of perceived product quality and overall satisfaction on purchase intentions. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(2), 207-217.
    Tzafrir, S. S. (2005). The relationship between trust, HRM practices and firm performance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(9), 1600-1622.
    Ulaga, W., & Chacour, S. (2001). Measuring customer-perceived value in business makerts. Industrial Marketing Management, 30(6), 525-540.
    Uppal, J. (1986). Hinduism and economic development in South Asia. International Journal of Social Economic, 13(3), 20-23.
    Vijayasarathy, L. R. (2003). Shopping orientations, product types and internet shopping intentions. Electronic Markets, 13(1), 67–79.
    Vitell, S. J., Paolillo, J. G. P., & Singh, J. J. (2005). Religiosity and consumer ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(2), 175-181.
    Vitell, S. J., Paolillo, J. G. P., & Singh, J. J. (2006). The role of money and religiosity in determining consumers’ ethical beliefs. Journal of Business Ethics, 64(2), 117–124.
    Waller, D. S., & Fam, K. S. (2000). Cultural values and advertising in Malaysia: Views from industry. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 12(1), 3-16.
    Walsh, Gianfranco, Thorsten, H. T., Mitchell, V. W., & Wiedmann, K. P. (2001). Consumers’ decision-making style as a basis for market segmentation. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 10(Summer), 117-131.
    Wells, W. D. (1975). Life style and psychographics. Chicago: American Marketing Association.
    Wesley, S., LeHew, M., & Woodside, A. G. (2006). Consumer decision-making styles and mall shopping behavior: Building theory using exploratory data analysis and the comparative method. Journal of Business Research, 59(5), 535-548.
    Westbrook, R. A., & Black, W. (1985). A motivation shopper based typology. The Journal of Retailing, 61(Spring), 78–103.
    Wickliffe, V. P. (2004). Refinement and re-assessment of the consumer decision-making style instrument. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 11(1), 9-17.
    Wikstom, S., & Normann, R. (1994). Knowledge and value. London: Rouledge.
    Wilkes, R. E., Burnett, J. J., & Howell, R. D. (1986). On the meaning and measurement of religiosity in consumer research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 14(1), 047-056.
    Williams, L. J., & Hazer, J. (1986). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover models: A reanalysis using talent variable structural equation models. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(2), 219-231.
    Worthington, J. E. L., Wade, N. G., Hight, T. L., McCullough, M. E., Berry, J. T., Ripley, J. S., et al. (2003). The religious commitment inventory-10: Development, refinement, and validation of a brief scale for research and counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 84-96.
    Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., & Iverson, R. D. (2005). High-performance work systems and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 9(1), 77-93.
    Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perception of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.

    下載圖示 校內:立即公開
    校外:2008-07-11公開
    QR CODE