研究背景：早產兒因生理發展未成熟，故營養攝取須逐步由腸胃道外轉至腸胃道內，亦須從管灌餵食逐漸轉為經口進食，稱為餵食轉換期，此為每位早產兒需經歷之過程。然而此時期之起始點受早產兒本身之成熟度及病情所影響，故導致餵食轉換期之長短不一。文獻指出，於早產兒餵食轉換期前提供口腔刺激可增加吸吮力，有助於口腔進食；而依據暗示行為進食餵食，則可根據早產兒之行為表徵提供合適之餵食方式。
研究目的：欲探討於餵食轉換期前提供口腔刺激，合併依據暗示行為執行餵食方式，對於早產兒進食準備程度、餵食轉換期之天數、達獨立由口進食之週數、住院天數、體重增加率、進食表現、進食技巧及生命徵象之恢復時間等構面之成效。
研究方法：本研究採實驗設計，以立意取樣方式選取南部某醫學中心新生兒加護病房之早產兒為研究對象，採隨機分派至實驗組及控制組，針對實驗組於31-32週間提供「早產兒口腔運動流程 (The Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention)及依據暗示行為餵食之流程」作為介入措施，並以早產兒口腔進食準備評估量表 (The Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale, POFRAS)及早產兒早期口腔進食技巧評估量表 (Early Feeding Skills Assessment , EFS)，以重複測量方式評估早產兒進食準備程度及進食技巧。介入成效之評價構面則包含早產兒進食準備程度、餵食轉換期之天數、達獨立經口進食之週數、住院天數、體重增加率、進食表現、進食技巧及生命徵象之恢復時間等。
研究結果：在介入口腔刺激後實驗組之進食準備度較控制組佳，並達顯著差異 (24.45 vs. 29.19，p = .006)；於介入口腔刺激及依據暗示行為餵食後，在達獨立經口進食時之進食技巧得分，實驗組之平均分數較控制組高，並達統計差異 (70.50 vs. 60.79，p < .0001) ；在達獨立經口進食之進食速率上，實驗組之表現較控制組佳，並達顯著差異 (4.29 vs. 2.77，p = .006)、餐後之心跳恢復基準點之時間上，實驗組恢復時間較控制組短 (2.38分 vs. 4.93分，p < .0001)，並達顯著差異。在餵食轉換期天數 (15.26天 vs. 19.06天，p = .38)、達獨立經口進食之週數及體重 (週數：34.27wks vs. 35.27wks，p = .47; 體重：2036.08gm vs. 2304.56gm，p = .23)、住院天數 (39.52天 vs. 44.69天，p = .57)，此四變項中兩組皆未達顯著差異。在血氧恢復基準點之時間上 (2.94分 vs. 3.50分，p = .45)，兩組雖未有顯著差異，但實驗組之餐後心跳及血氧之變異度較低。
結論/實務應用：使用合併口腔刺激及以依據暗示行為餵食之餵食方式，能增加早產兒口腔吸吮力及進食技巧，並穩定餵食後之生命徵象變化，藉此提供給早產兒正向之進食經驗，協助其順利經歷餵食轉換期。此研究結果可作為發展早產兒餵食轉換其的餵食指引之參考。

Background: The transitional feeding period is important for preterm infants. While the transitional feeding period is prolonged, it may cause the consequence of feeding difficulties and the negative impact of feeding experience. Based on evidence, oral stimulation to preterm infants can improve their oral motor function, and using cue-based feeding can provide them the appropriate feeding way. Purposes: The aims of this study were to explore the effects of providing oral stimulation before initial oral feeding, and using cue-based feeding approach on preterm infants. Methods: The study design was a randomized control trial, and conducted in a medical center of southern Taiwan. The experimental group received the oral stimulation and cue-based feeding approach. Two assessment tools were used, which were Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale (POFRAS), and Early Feeding Skills Assessment (EFS). The oral feeding stimulation process was selected Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) as the intervention. Results: There were four significant findings on: the oral feeding readiness (24.45 vs. 29.19, p = .006), oral feeding skill (70.50 vs. 60.79, p < .0001), the rate of milk transfer of independent oral feeding(4.29 vs. 2.77, p = .006), and the recovery time of heart rate had the significant finding(2.38 min vs. 4.93 min, p < .0001). Conclusion: This study could be the reference as the foundation to build the clinical guideline to assist preterm infant to go through the transitional feeding period.

林貞秀（2005）．餵食互動方案對早產兒母親餵食行為之影響（未發表的碩士論文）．台南市：國立成功大學護理學系碩士班
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