台灣汽車車用品產業發展蓬勃，在全世界及各大汽車廠牌都可看到台灣製造的足跡，在2018年全球車市的總銷售台數開始下降，並接連發生美中貿易戰及2020年新冠肺炎疫情，使得汽車及其相關零件產業的營收下降。本研究以台灣車業OEM形態的Tier 1廠商為研究對象，探討目前環境下在IATF 16949規範下的OEM Tier 1廠商在選擇供應商的主要影響因素。
本研究蒐集供應商遴選及IATF 16949相關文獻資料，並以修正式德菲法納入專家意見之觀點，建構選擇供應商的構面及其相關指標。其次，運用決策實驗室分析法(decision making trial and evaluation laboratory, DEMATEL)進一步從前述準則中區分原因群及結果群，再經由DANP(DEMATEL-based ANP)計算得到各準則的權重。
由準則的權重關係可以顯示出個案公司針對供應商選擇的主要考量因素，藉由指標影響關係可以呈現出指標間的影響程度，釐清指標間的原因及結果關係，透過以上分析，作為公司及其供應商改善體質及提升能力之參考方案。
研究結果發現品質是評選供應商時影響力最大之構面，技術能力為影響最多其他構面的原因。針對各構面，對象公司視供應商產品售價、退貨比例少、建立完整生產流程、品質穩定度、符合客戶品質需求、解決客訴能力、對產品的了解及聲譽為選擇供應商時的關鍵因素。本研究將IATF 16949的條文要求納入評選之中，分析其相關條文規範是否會影響供應商選擇，研究結果對汽車用品OEM Tier 1供應商遴選的實務與學術理論發展具有實務應用之價值。

This thesis explored the main influence factors of supplier selection for Tier 1 suppliers in the automotive parts and accessories industry in Taiwan under the IATF 16949 standard. It acquired the relatively important criteria in the auto parts industry through literature review and collected the industrial professionals’ opinions via questionnaire which was developed by using the Delphi method. It then applied the DEMATEL methodology to distinguish the cause-effect groups of the dimensions and criteria, used the DANP method (DEMATEL-based ANP) to calculate the weight of each dimension and criteria, which represents the level of attention for tier 1 manufacturers. A larger weight indicates a higher level of attention. The results of this study revealed that quality was the most important dimension that Tier 1 manufacturers recognized, technological capability was the highly influential causative dimension in the cause-effect indexes. Price, flexible delivery, complete production process, process capability, service attitude, experience with similar products, and staff fixation were the most influential causative criteria in each dimension. Price, refund rate, complete production process, quality stability, ability of resolve complaints, knowledge of the product, and reputation were the most important criteria of each dimension.
In summary, this thesis investigated the main influence factors of supplier selection for Tier 1 suppliers in the automotive parts and accessories industry in Taiwan. The findings of the thesis have practical values for both the automotive parts and accessories industry and the academic community.

中文文獻
1. 王鶯兒(2005)。供應商能力、協同能力、競爭優勢與組織績效之關係研究－以汽車零件製造業為例。成功大學(碩士論文)
2. 任光德、林崇仁、莊貿雄(2010)。應用DANP之多準則決策要式探討資訊化專案管理系統的影響關聯與重要度，運籌與管理學刊，9(1)，頁55-66
3. 朱峻賢(2018)。2017年全球車市分析與發展趨勢。2018 車輛研測專刊，1，6-14。
4. 工研院產科國際所(2019)。2019年台灣製造業暨汽車與零組件產業景氣展望。工業技術研究院。
5. 周柏諺(2016)。推動防災社區對社區居民耐韌態度之影響評估：以桃園市與新北市之社區為例。銘傳大學(碩士論文)
6. 周國村、袁建中(2014)。應用決策實驗室分析法(DEMATEL) 與網路層級分析法(ANP)在研發專案計畫評選。中山管理評論, 22(3) ,543-572.
7. 李盈逸(2010)。台灣汽車售後服務(Aftermarket：AM)零組件產業分析。車輛中心。取自https://www.artc.org.tw/chinese/03_service/03_02detail.aspx?pid=1456&nPage=1
8. 吳倩文(2016)。供應商數量因素及評估替代料最佳採購決策之研究-以T公司為例。元智大學(碩士論文)
9. 林益斌(2016)。導入ISO/TS 16949及AS 9100品質系統之經營績效研究-以精密齒輪製造廠為例。中興大學(碩士論文)
10. 林俊良(2013)。成車廠與零件供應商評選構面與準則之研究。中原大學(碩士論文)
11. 柯文長、吳秉叡、陳勝陽(2014)。以顧客需求為基礎的供應商遴選模式。崑山科技大學
12. 紀岱玲(2005)。供應商績效評估研究－結合ANP及DEMATEL之應用。政治大學 (碩士論文)
13. 高銘汶(2007)。國際車廠/各階零組件廠產品驗證及供應商審核流程模式分析。2007車輛研測資訊，2007-04，2-11。
14. 張致維(2008)。評估供應商選擇準則－使用模糊決策實驗室分析法(DEMATEL)。宜蘭大學(碩士論文)
15. 張建仁(2002)。汽車零件製造商生產與作業策略之個案研究。政治大學(碩士論文)
16. 陳育菁(2000)。我國汽車產業供應鏈特性之探討。交通大學(碩士論文)
17. 陳怡君(2012)。應用DEMATEL與ANP決策方法於會計事務委外評估模式之研究。文化大學(碩士論文)
18. 陳政全(2009)。以DEMATEL方法探討建廠專案工程的關鍵成功因素。中華科技大學(碩士論文)
19. 陳虹遐(2004)。應用分析網路程序法於液晶電視之生態效益評估。成功大學(碩士論文)
20. 陳宜德、劉浚明(2004)，協同供應商評選與訂單分配模式之建立，第一屆台灣作業研究學會學術研討會暨2004年科技與管理學術研討會論文集，11月12日，1319-1332。
21. 陳誌民(2016)。傳統產業經營之關鍵成功因素研究-以車燈產業為例。逢甲大學(碩士論文)
22. 陳麗娟(2013)。供應商評選模式之研究-以醫院醫材供應商為例。彰化師範大學(碩士論文)
23. 郭曜菖(2012)。中小企業導入ISO/TS 16949品質系統之經營績效研究-以橡膠零件廠為例。逢甲大學(碩士論文)
24. 馮威傑(2014)。文化資產旅遊融入環境教育和遊客關係品質衡量指標建構與績效評估之研究。聯合大學(碩士論文)
25. 黃智偉(2000)。供應鏈管理下供應商選擇評估之研究以台灣地區中衛體系汽機車業、電腦資訊業為例。雲林科技大學(碩士論文)
26. 葉子明、白凡芸(2011)企業推行ISO/TS 16949 之關鍵品質要素探討研究成果報告。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告
27. 楊蓓安(2014)。應用DEMATEL-based ANP方法評估綠色專案管理。東海大學(碩士論文)
28. 劉怡君(2013)。應用ISO/TS 16949品質管理系統導入新產品開發流程之個案研究。高雄應用科技大學(碩士論文)
29. 蔡雅寧(2009)。結合AHP與DEMATEL探討供應商評選準則之優先次序與因果關係-以汽車零配件產業為例。彰化師範大學(碩士論文)
30. 鄧量元(2010)。應用DEMATEL、ISM與ANP分析研發聯盟關鍵因素之複雜性問題。台南大學(碩士論文)
31. 謝博帆(2014)。應用多評準決策之DANP方法評估濕地生態旅遊資源滿意度－以七股濕地為例。中山大學(碩士論文)
32. 鍾華剛(2016)。台灣汽車產業選擇零件供應商之關鍵因素-以供應商觀點探討。臺灣師範大學(碩士論文)
33. 蕭瑞聖(2019)。台灣汽車零組件產業回顧與展望。機械工業技術與產業資訊專欄。機械工業雜誌, 430(1), 46-47
34. 蘇耀東(2012)。應用先期產品品質規劃系統開發新產品-以工業電腦為例。中央大學(碩士論文)

英文文獻
1. Alford, D., Sackett, P., & Nelder, G. (2000). Mass customisation - an automotive perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 65(1), 99-110.
2. Alvarado, U. Y. & Kotzab, H. (2001). Supply Chain Management: The Integration of Logistics in Marketing, Industrial Marketing Management, 30(2), 183-198.
3. Bakeshlou, E.A., Khamseh, A.A., Asl, M.A.G. et al. (2017) Evaluating a green supplier selection problem using a hybrid MODM algorithm. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. 28, 913–927.
4. Bobrek, M. and Sokovic, M. (2005) Implementation of APQP-concept in design of QMS, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 162–163, 718-724.
5. Chen F. H., Hsu T. S., Tzeng G. H. (2011) A balanced scorecard approach to establish a performance evaluation and relationship model for hot spring hotels based on a hybrid MCDM model combining DEMATEL and ANP International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30, 908-932
6. Dalkey C. Norman. (1969) The Delphi Method: An Experimental Study of Group Opinion. Santa Monica, CA: Rand
7. Dickson, Gray W. (1966), An Analysis of Supplier Selection System and Decisions, Journal of Purchasing, 2(1), 5-17.
8. Dweiri, F., Kumar, S., Khan, S. & Jain, V. (2016) Designing an integrated AHP based decision support system for supplier selection in automotive industry. Expert Systems with Applications, 62, 273-283.
9. Golcuk, I., Baykasoglu, A.(2016) An analysis of DEMATEL approaches for criteria interaction handling within ANP, Expert Systems with Applications, 46(4), 346-366.
10. Gruszka, J. and Misztal, A., (2017) The new IATF 16949:2016 standard in the automotive supply chain. Research in Logistics and Production, 7(4), 311-318.
11. Hsu C. C (2007) Sandford BA. The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus. Pract Assess Res Eval. 12(10). Accessed October 28, 2013.
12. Hsu C. H., Wang F. K. & Tzeng G. H. (2012) The best vendor selection for conducting the recycled material based on a hybrid MCDM model combining DANP with VIKOR, Resources Conservation and Recycling, 66(1), 95–111
13. Hsu, I. C.; Shih, Y. J.; Pai, F. Y. (2020) Applying the Modified Delphi Method and DANP to Determine the Critical Selection Criteria for Local Middle and Top Management in Multinational Enterprises. Mathematics. 8(9), 1396
14. Ho, W., Xu, X. W. & Dey, P. K. (2009). Multi-criteria decision making approaches for supplier evaluation and selection: A literature review, European Journal of Operational Research, 202(1), 16-24.
15. Hori, S. & Shimizu, Y.(1999) Designing methods of human interface for supervisory control systems, Control Engineering Practice,7(11), 1413-1419.
16. Liou, J. H., Jolanta T, Edmundas K. Z. & Tzeng, G. H. (2016) New hybrid COPRAS-G MADM Model for improving and selecting suppliers in green supply chain management, International Journal of production research. 54, 114-134
17. Liou, J. J. H., Tzeng, G. H. & Chang, H. C. (2007) Airline safety measurement using a hybrid model, Journal of Air Transport Management, 13(4) 243-249.
18. Matthyssens, P., Van den Bulte, C. (1994) Getting closer and nicer: partnerships in the supply chain, Long Range Planning, 27(1), 72-83.
19. Murry, J.W. and Hammons, J.O. (1995) Delphi: A Versatile Methodology for Conducting Qualitative Research. The Review of Higher Education, 18, 426-436.
20. Ostadi, B., Aghdasi, M., Baradaran Kazemzadeh, R. (2010) The impact of ISO/TS 16949 on automotive industries and created organizational capabilities from its implementation, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 3(3).
21. Ou Yang, Y. P., Leu, J.D. & Tzeng, G. H. (2008), A Novel Hybrid MCDM Model Combined with DEMATEL and ANP with applications, International Journal of Operations Research, 5(3), 160-168.
22. Subramani, M. (2004) How Do Suppliers Benefit From Information Technology Use in Supply Chain Relationships?, Mis Quarterly, 28(1), 45-73.
23. Talluri, S., Sarkis, J. (2002). A model for performance monitoring of suppliers, International Journal of Production Research. 40(16), 4257-4269.
24. Trappey, A. J. C. & Hsiao, D. W. (2008). Applying collaborative design and modularized assembly for automotive ODM supply chain integration. Computers in Industry, 59(2-3), 277-287.
25. Tzeng, G. H., Chiang, C. H. & Li, C. W. (2007) Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL, Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4) 1028-1044.
26. Vonderembse, M. and Tracey, M. (1999) The Impact of Supplier Selection Criteria and Supplier Involvement on Manufacturing Performance. The Journal of Supply Chain Management, 35(3), 33-39.
27. Weber, C., Current, J., & Benton, W. (1991) Vendor selection criteria and methods. European Journal of Operational Research,50(1), 2-18.
28. Wilson, E. J. (1994) The Relative Importance of Supplier Selection Criteria: A Review and Update, International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 30(3), 34-41
29. Wu, W. W.(2008). Choosing knowledge management strategies by using a combined ANP and DEMATEL approach, Expert Systems with Applications, 35(3), 828-835.
30. Yeh, T. M., Pai F. Y. & Huang K. I. (2013) The critical factors for implementing the quality system of ISO/TS 16949 in automobile parts industry in Taiwan. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 24:3-4, 355-373

網站資料
1. Car Sales Statistics【2019 (Full Year) International: Worldwide Car Sales】。Jan. 16 2020取自https://www.best-selling-cars.com/international/2019-full-year- international-worldwide-car-sales/
2. 台灣汽車售後服務（Aftermarket：AM）零組件產業分析。取自 https://www.artc.org.tw/chinese/03_service/03_02detail.aspx?pid=1456
3. 投資汽車相關個股，常見的 OEM、OES 與 AM 是什麼？。2016-10-14取自 https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%80%8B%E8%82%A1%EF%BC%8C %E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8B%E7%9A%84oem%E3%80%81oes%E8%88%87am %E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%EF%BC%9F/
4. 中衛體系的定義。財團法人中衛發展中心。取自https://www.csd.org.tw/about/article/104.html
5. 汽車產業鏈簡介。臺灣證券交易所 產業鏈價值平台。取自https://ic.tpex.org.tw/introduce.php?ic=3000
6. 《2018年臺灣汽車市場》—國內全年總銷售排名出爐，總銷量衰退2.1％。2019-01-02取自https://www.kingautos.net/236950
7. 2020年汽車產業趨勢與展望。2020-02-13取自 https://www2.deloitte.com/tw/tc/pages/consumer-business/articles/RP20200213-automotive-report.html
8. 了解三大面向，順利取得 IATF 16949 汽車品質管理系統證書。2019-02-13取自https://technews.tw/2019/02/13/ist-iatf-information/