截至民國94年底，台灣外籍配偶人數已接近37萬人，其中東南亞地區以越南籍女性佔20.3%居最高比例。跨國婚姻中的越南女性通常被社會建構成負有傳宗接代的任務，忽略原生社會文化對於越南女性成為母親的可能影響。而經歷移民、懷孕、為人妻和媳的多重過渡情境脈絡，對於越南女性成為母親有何種程度的影響是本研究之旨趣；透過貼近越南女性的生活世界浸入其觀點、價值信念和生活方式，作為堆疊文化照護能力的基礎，邁向文化適性護理的目標。
本研究以民族誌研究法進行，自民國九十五年二月份開始收案，浸入田野最長達四個月之久，期間以參與觀察、訪談進行資料收集，並以Emerson等人發展之田野筆記分析步驟進行資料分析，鋪陳出越南女性成為母親歷程的主題故事。研究結果以三個面向呈現：(一)回溯來時路，揭露越南農村社會文化對於女性認同母親角色暨成為母親的信念之影響；(二)母性行為的展現，描繪越南女性歷經懷孕、育兒的母性行為呈現；(三)在異地成為母親的歷程經驗，刻劃台灣的情境脈絡對越南女性成為母親歷程中產生的激盪。研究發現越南農村女性有其根深蒂固成為母親的文化信念，並且在異地成為母親的歷程中受到移民適應、多重角色學習影響懷孕歷程的身心健康，可能轉移母職角色準備的精力投注，然而孩子出生的關鍵時刻導使多重過渡的優先順序產生變化，越南女性自此全神貫注在母職角色的扮演。研究建議醫療照顧體系應致力於提升使用者親善的環境，並且在懷孕期間涉入以強化多重過渡階段的身心評估和支持網絡。

In Taiwan, Vietnamese women have stood the highest proportion among southeast interracial marriage population. The nature of interracial marriage has been constructed that women must fulfill the goal to produce offspring carry the family’s name from host country’s perspectives. Therefore, Vietnamese women’s viewpoints are often overlooked. The experience of becoming a mother in the foreign land thought to be influenced by the dual social, culture and familial context. The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of becoming a mother in Taiwan among Vietnamese women.
Ethnography is employed as research methodology, observer as a participant and interview as data collection methods in this study. The filednotes analysis procedure created by Emerson, Fretz and Shaw in 1995 was used as data analysis method. The research findings emerge three parts: (1) “looking back to the Vietnamese society” brings out how Vietnamese culture has influenced on women’s belief of maternal role identification; (2) “expression of maternal behavior” displays Vietnamese women’s engagement on mothering from pregnancy through postpartum period; (3) “mothering experience under the context of foreign land” illustrates events surrounding women’s transition to maternal role. The findings suggest that: (1) user friendly medical environment must be improved; (2) health care providers should put more effort on immigrant women from pregnant period since multiple transitions might cause their vulnerability.

中文部分
內政部統計處 (2005)‧內政統計通報‧2005年12月15 日，取自 http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/。
內政部戶政司 (2005)‧台閩地區大陸與外籍配偶人數‧2005年12月15日，取自http://www.ris.gov.tw/ch4/static/st1-9-93.xls。
王宏仁 (2001)‧社會階層化下的婚姻移民與勞動市場：以越南新娘為例‧台灣社會研究季刊‧41，99-127。
台北駐越南代表處 (2006)‧越南經濟狀況‧2006年11月20日，取自http://www.teco.org.vn/abouteco.htm。
江亮演、陳燕禎、黃雅純 (2004)‧大陸與外籍配偶生活調適之探討‧社區發展季刊，105，66-89。
呂靜妮、黃玉珠 (2006)‧探討越南籍配偶於產後之經驗歷程‧慈濟護理雜誌，5(2)，84-95。
林靜佩 (2004)‧台灣越南初產婦女的做月子及初為人母之經驗‧碩士論文‧高雄：高雄醫學大學。
林妙玲 (2004)‧台灣東南亞籍孕產婦妊娠知識、妊娠態度及就醫環境與產前檢查行為之相關探討─以台灣籍孕產婦為對照‧碩士論文‧高雄：高雄醫學大學。
莊宇慧、Abbey, J. (2005)‧民族誌與護理研究‧護理雜誌，52(6)，49-56。
馬遠 (2004)‧以越南使用漢字的歷史看漢文化對越南的影響‧中州學刊，5，139-141。
程林輝 (2005)‧儒學在越南的傳播和影響‧南昌大學學報，36(6)，117-122。
夏曉鵑 (2000)‧資本國際化下的國際婚姻：以台灣的外籍新娘現象為例‧台灣社會研究季刊‧39，45-92。
夏曉鵑 (2001)‧外籍新娘現象之媒體建構‧台灣社會研究季刊‧43，153-196。
莫蔾蔾、賴珮玲 (2004)‧台灣社會少子化與外籍配偶子女的問題初探‧社區發展季刊‧105，55-65。
梅李廣 (2004)‧越南全景(吳彩瓊編譯)‧河內：世界出版社。
陳嘉琳 (2005)‧台灣文化概論‧台北：新文京開發。
葉肅科 (2004)‧外籍配偶家庭：社會資本與社會凝聚力初探‧社區發展季刊‧105，133-149。
楊詠梅 (2002)‧台灣印尼籍跨國婚姻婦女之健康關注‧碩士論文‧高雄：高雄醫學大學。
楊國樞、葉明華 (2005)‧家族主義與泛家族主義‧於楊國樞、黃光國、楊中芳主編‧華人本土心理學(一版，249-292)，台北：遠流。
張淼 (2006)‧論儒家孝道思想的生命意識‧學術論壇，2，12-15。
劉美芳 (2001)‧跨國婚姻中菲籍女性的生命述說‧碩士論文‧高雄：高雄醫學大學。
劉秀琪 (2004)‧苗栗地區台灣、外籍、大陸育齡婦女育嬰知識、育嬰態度、社會支持與嬰兒生長發育狀況之探討‧碩士論文‧台北：國立台北護理學院。
趙彥寧 (2004)‧現代性想像與國境管理的衝突：以中國婚姻移民女性為研究案例‧台灣社會學刊，32，59-102。
潘淑滿 (2004)‧從婚姻移民現象剖析公民權的實踐與限制‧社區發展季刊‧105，30-43。
鄭曉江 (1997)‧論中國傳統生育文化‧中國文化月刊，212，1-26。
顧燕翎、尤詒君 (2004)‧建立支持系統及提倡多元文化：台北市政府社會局外籍與大陸配偶輔導政策‧社區發展季刊‧105，20-29。
戴君倚、鍾聿琳 (2002)‧影響週產期外籍新娘適應之因素及護理省思‧護理雜誌，49(1)，34-38。

英文部分
AAN Expert Panel Report. (1992). Cultural competent health care. Nursing Outlook, 40(6), 277-283.
Andrews, M. M. (1999). Theoretical foundations of transcultural nursing. In M. M. Andrews & J. S. Boyle (Eds.), Tanscultural concepts in nursing care (3rd ed., pp.3-22). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
Barclay, L., & Kent, D. (1997). Recent immigration and the misery of motherhood: a discussion of pertinent issues. Midwifery, 14, 4-9.
Beach, M. C., Price, E. G., Gary, T. L., Robinson, K. A., Gozu, A., Palacio, A., et al. (2005). Cultural competence: a systematic review of health care provider educational interventions. Medical Care, 43(4), 356-373.
Beck, C. (2006). Acculturation: Implications for perinatal research. The American Journal of Maternal child Nursing, 31(2), 114-120.
Bernazzani, O., Marks, M., Bifulco, A., Siddle, K., Asten, P., & Conroy, S. (2005). Assessing psychosocial risk in pregnant/ postpartum women using the Contextual Assessment of Maternity Esperience (CAME). Social Psychiatry Pshchiatric Epidemiology, 40, 497-508.
Bhopal, K. (1998). South Asian women in east London: motherhood and social support. Women’s Studies International Forum, 21(55), 485-492.
Bodo, K., & Gibson, N. (1999). Childbirth customs in Vietnamese traditions. Canadian Family Physician, 45, 690-697.
Borjesson, B., Paperin, C., & Lindell, M. (2004). Maternal support during the first year of infancy. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45(6), 588-594.
Boyle, J. S. (1994). Styles of ethnography. In J. M. Morse (Ed.), Critical issues in qualitative research methods(pp. 159-185). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Braun, K. L. (1997). Death and dying in four Asian American cultures: A descriptive study. Death Studies, 21(4), 327-359.
Bushy, A. (2000). Diversity: A call for cultural competence practitioners. In J. Hickey, R. M. Ouimette, & S. V. Venegoni (Eds.), Advanced practice nursing (2nd ed., pp. 252-268). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
Campinha-Bacote, J. (1999). A model and instrument for addressing cultural competence in health care. Journal of Nursing Education, 38(5), 203-207.
Chodorow, N. (1999/2003). The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender. (2nd ed.). 張君玫(譯)‧母職的再生產：心理分析與性別社會學‧台北：群學。
Choudhry, U. K. (2001). Uprooting and resettlement experiences of south Asian immigrant women. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 23(4), 376-393.
Cranley, M. S. (1981). Developemnt of a tool for the measurement of maternal attachment during pregnancy. Nursing Research, 30(5). 281-284.
Davis, R. E. (2001). The postpartum experience for Southeast Asian women in the United States. Maternal Child Nursing, 26(4), 208-213.
DeSouza, R. (2005). Transforming possibilities of care: Goan migrant motherhood in New Zealand. Contemporary Nurse, 20, 87-101.
Domian, E. W. (2001). Cultural practices and social support of pregnant women in a Northern new Mexico community. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(4), 331-336.
Dreher, M., & MacNaughton, N. (2002). Cultural competence in nursing: Foundation or fallacy. Nursing Outlook, 50(5), 181-186.
Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing ethnographic fieldnotes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Fetterman, D. (1998). A wilderness guide: Methods and techniques. In D. Fetterman (Ed.), Ethnography step by step (2nd ed., pp. 31-62). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Foss, G. F. (2001). Maternal sensitivity, posttraumatic stress, and acculturation in Vietnamese and Hmong mothers. Maternal Child Nursing, 26(5), 257-263.
French, B. (2003). Culturally competent care. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 26(4), 252-255.
Germain, C. P. (1999). Ethnography: The method. In P. L. Munhall & C. O. Boyd (Eds.), Nursing research (pp. 237-268). New York, NY: toExcel.
Giger, J. N., & Davidhizar, R. E. (2004). Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention (4th eds.). St. Louis: Mosby.
Gottlieb, B. H., (1983). Social networks and social support in community mental health. In B. H. Gittlieb, Social networks and socila support (pp. 11-39). London: Sage.
Guendelman, S., Malin, C., Herr-Harthon, B., & Bargas, P. N. (2001). Orientations to motherhood and male partner support among women in Mexico and Mexican-origin women in the United States. Social Science and Medicine, 52, 1805-1813.
Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (1995). The process of analysis. In M. Hammersley, & P. Atkinson, Ethnography: Principles in practice (2nd ed., pp.25-53). London: Routledge.
Holloway, I., & Wheeler, S. (1996). Ethnography. Qualitative research for nurses (pp.81-97). Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.
Hsu, T. L., & Chen, C. H. (2001). Stress and maternal-fetal attachment of pregnant women during their third trimester. Kaohsiung Journal Of Medical Sciences, 17, 36-45.
Im, E., & Meleis, A. (1999). A situation specific theory of Korean immigrant women’s menopausal transition. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(4), 333-338.
Josten, L. (1982). Contrast in prenatal preparation for mothering. Mternal Child Nursing Journal, 11, 65-73.
Kiehl, E. M., & White, M. A. (2003). Maternal adaptation during childbearing in Norway, Sweden and the United States. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 17, 96-103.
Leininger, M. M. (1991). Becoming aware of types of health practitioners and cultural imposition. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 2(2), 32-39.
Leininger, M. M. (1993). Assumptive premisese of the theory. In C. L. Reynolds & M. M. Leininger, Madeleine Leininger: Cultural care diversity and universality theory (pp.15-30). London: Sage.
Leininger, M. M. (1994). Evaluation criteria and critique of qualitative research studies. In J. M. Morse (Ed.), Critical issues in qualitative research methods (pp. 95-115). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Leininger, M. M. (2002). Culture care theory: A major contribution to advance transcultural nursing. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 189-192.
Liamputtong, P., & Naksook, C. (2003a). Life as mothers in a new land: the experience of motherhood among Thai women in Australia. Health Care for Women International, 24, 650-668.
Liamputtong, P., & Naksook, C. (2003b). Perception and experiences of motherhood, health and the husband’s role among Thai women in Australia. Midwifery, 19, 27-36.
Lipson, J. G. (1994). Ethical issues in ethnography. In J. M. Morse (Ed.), Critical issues in qualitative research methods (pp. 333-355). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Melies, A. L. (1975). Role insufficiency and role supplementation: A conceptual framework. Nursing Research, 24(4), 264-271.
Melies, A. I., Sawyer, L. M., Im, E. O., Messias, D. K. H., & Schumacher, K. (2000). Experiencing transitions: An emerging middle-range theory. Advances in Nursing Science, 23(1), 12-28.
Melies, A. L. (2005). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
Shieh, C., Kravitz, M., & Wang, H. H. (2001). What do we know about maternal-fetal attachment. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 17, 448-454.
Mercer, R. T. (1981). A theoretical framework for studying factors that impact on the maternal role. Nursing Research, 30(2), 73-77.
Mercer, R. T. (1990). Parent at risks. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Mercer, R. T., & Ferketich, S. L. (1990). Predictors of parental attachment during early parenthood. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 268-280.
Mercer, R. T. (2004). Becoming a mother versus maternal role attainment. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 36(3), 226-232.
Morse, J. M. (1994). Emerging from the data: The cognitive process of analysis in qualitative inquiry. In J. M. Morse (Ed.), Critical issues in qualitative research methods (pp. 23-43). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Muecke, M. A. (1994). On the evaluation of ethnographies. In J. M. Morse (Ed.), Critical issues in qualitative research methods (pp. 187-209). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Muller, M. E. (1993). Development of the prenatal attachment inventory. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 15(2), 199-215.
Narra-Tummala, P. (2004). Mothering in a foreign land. The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 64(2). 167-182.
Nelson, A. M. (2003). Transition to motherhood. Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 32(4), 465-477.
Neufeld, A., Harrison, M. J., Stewart, M., Hughes, K. D., & Spitzer, D. (2002). Immigrant women: Making connections to community resources for support in family caregiving. Qualitative Health Research, 12(6), 751-768.
Oakley, A. (1992). Social support and motherhood. Oxford: Blackwell.
Roper, J. M., & Shapira, J. (2000). Overview of ethnography. In J. M. Roper, & J. Shapira Ethnography in nursing research (pp. 1-10). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Rubin, R. (1975). Maternal tasks in pregnancy. Maternal Child Nursing Journal, 4, 143-153.
Sawyer, L. M. (1999). Engaged mothering: The transition to motherhood for a group of African American women. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 10(1), 14-21.
Schumacher, K. L., & Meleis, A. L. (1994). Transitions: A central conception in Nursing. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 26(2), 119-127.
Small, P., Liamputtong, P., Yelland, J. Lumley, J. (1999). Mothers in a new country: The role of cuture and communication in Vietnamese, Turkish and Filipino women’s experience of giving birth in Asutralia. Women and Health, 28(3), 77-101.
Small, P., Yelland, J., Lumley, J. (2003). Cross-cultural experiences of maternal depression: Associations and contributing factors for Vietnamese, Turkish and Filipino immigrant women in Victoria, Australia. Ethnicity and Health, 8(3), 189-206.
Solchany, J. E. (2001). Promoting maternal mental health during pregnancy. Seattle: NCAST Publication.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998/2001). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 吳芝儀、廖梅花(譯)‧紮根理論研究方法‧嘉義：濤石。
Stewart, M. (1993). Intergrating social support in nursing. London: Sage.
Stuchbery, M., Matthey, S., & Barnett, B. (1998). Postnatal depression and social supports in Vietnamese, Arabic and Anglo-Celtic mothers. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, 483-490.
Waldenstrom, U., Rudman, A., & Hildingsson, I. (2006). Intrapartum and postpartum care in Sweden: women’s opinions and risk factors for not being satisfied. Acta Ostetricia and Gynecology, 85, 551-560.
Ward, C. (2004). Migrant mothers and the role of social support when child rearing. Contemporary Nursing, 16, 74-82.
Xu, L. (2003). Accuturation stress, social support and maternal satisfaction within immigrant Chinese families. PhD thesis. USA: University of Connecticut.
Zabielski, M. T. (1994). Recognition of maternal identity in preterm and fullterm mothers. Maternal Child Nursing Journal, 22(1), 2-36.