本研究為探討奈米濾膜應用於自來水處理上所造成之阻塞現象及控制之研究。薄膜程序操作上所面臨之最大問題，在於膜之阻塞所引起之過濾液通量降低，或過膜壓力升高之現象，而阻塞現象之控制為薄膜程序成敗之關鍵所在。
本研究以高雄拷潭及翁公園淨水場之薄膜程序為對象，首先就實場奈米薄膜之病理解剖結果來探討造成阻塞之原因，然後利用實驗室之快速桌上型薄膜試驗設備來探討有無調整進流水pH值及/或添加抑垢劑對奈米濾膜阻塞之影響，接著計算實驗室薄膜出水後調理之所需要添加之化學藥劑劑量。
實場薄膜的病理解剖結果與理論計算之結果可得出，鋁矽化合物為造成現場薄膜阻塞之主要原因。在探討有無調整奈米濾膜進流水pH值部分，結果顯示拷潭場進流水因鹼度與硬度較高，因此酸調理對NF膜阻塞有明顯之控制效果；若進水已添加抑垢劑，因抑垢劑可抑制無機鹽類沉澱所造成之阻塞，所以有無調整進流水之pH值對通量並無顯著之影響。而翁公園場因鹼度與硬度較低，所以效果不明顯。
在進流水加酸調理以防止NF膜通量降低之試驗上，發現鹽酸之效果優於硫酸，追究其原因可能為後者較易於薄膜表面生成硫酸鈣等鹽類之結晶而阻塞薄膜。

The use of nanofiltration (NF) for drinking water treatment has several advantages, such as simultaneous multiple impurities rejection, small footprint and easy expansion. However, the efficient use of membrane systems is limited most notably by fouling, which is caused by the deposition of particulate and colloidal matters, precipitation of inorganic salts, and biological growth. Identification of the causes of fouling and preventing methods are vital to the success of a membrane process.

In this research, the Kao-Tan and Won-Gon-Yuan Water Treatment Plants in Kaohsiung are the targets. In order to find the causes of fouling, first, autopsies of failed NF membranes were carried out. Then scale formation potential on membrane surface was calculated, based on water quality of the influent and operational parameters of the membrane system. The Rapid Bench Scale Membrane Test (RBSMT) equipment was used to study the efficiency of adjusting pH value of influent and/or adding antiscalant on fouling control. Finally, the type of chemicals and dosage required for post-treatment of NF permeate to prevent corrosion in the distribution system were also studied.

Based on the results from SEM-EDX and XRD analyses, and theoretical chemical precipitation calculation, aluminum silicate compounds are found to be the major foulant on the surface of failed NF membrane. As far as the effect of influent’s pH adjustment and antiscalant dosing on fouling control is concerned, the results show that lowered influent pH value by acid addition could effectively reduce flux decreasing rate for water from Kao-Tan Plant, but not for Won-Gon-Yuan Plant. This probably is due to lower hardness and alkalinity of the water from Won-Gon-Yuan than those from Kao-Tan. Further, when influent already dosed with antiscalant, then the effect of pH adjustment on fouling control was insignificant. This probably can be explained by the binding of fouling-causing ions with the antiscalants.

When acids were used to drop the pH value of the influent for fouling control, it is found that hydrochloric acid was a better choice than sulfuric acid. The test runs with hydrochloric acid showed much lower flux decline than those with sulfuric acid. This probably is due to the generally lower solubility of sulfate salts than that of chloride.

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