隨著汽車工業的蓬勃發展，車輛事故的發生也隨之越來越頻繁，行人死亡在總交通意外事故死亡中，亦佔有相當大的比例，因此如何加強汽車的安全性來減少行人碰撞的傷害是相當重要的課題。研究指出，在行人受到汽車撞擊的傷害中，以下肢傷害佔最大的比例。且下肢傷害需要花相當長的時間來復健，甚至會造成永久性的傷殘，導致日後需投入相當多的診療費用，因此不可忽略其嚴重性。而造成下肢傷害最主要的原因來自汽車保險桿，所以本研究將針對利用汽車保險桿來減低下肢傷害的方法提出對策。
　　目前歐洲車輛安全促進委員會(European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee; EEVC)已對於行人碰撞測試訂定出一套測試方法，針對行人碰撞事故中，最常發生受傷且嚴重的部位以衝擊器撞擊車體各部位，模擬行人所受到的衝擊並且換算成可能造成之受傷情形。本研究即針對吸能性保險桿系統與行人下肢衝擊器進行分析，以EEVC所提出之測試方式進行碰撞模擬與評估。
　　本研究使用有限元素法進行碰撞行為分析。研究流程可概分為三階段。第一階段中，首先建立下肢衝擊器模型的有限元素模型，並對此下肢衝擊進行驗證測試，包含靜態測試與動態測試，並分別量測脛骨上端加速度、膝蓋彎曲角度與膝蓋剪位移，以滿足EEVC之規範，使模型具有良好的生物真實性反應；第二階段則以所建立的有限元素模型進行EEVC各撞擊測試點的碰撞模擬，分析現有的保險桿系統對於行人下肢衝擊之影響；第三階段即針對發泡材料與保桿樑的部份進行材質及外型的設計分析。並採用田口品質工程方法，以直交表(Orthogonal Array)進行實驗配置，利用訊號雜音比以及變異數分析(ANOVA)，分析控制因子對於下肢傷害的影響力，進一步進行最佳推定，以減少衝擊時對下肢所造成的傷害。
　　本研究經由田口方法可配置出減少下肢衝擊的最佳保險桿系統組合，並滿足EEVC行人碰撞規範之要求。

　　Fatalities related to pedestrian accidents contribute to a large proportion of all traffic accidental deaths. Therefore, the protection of the pedestrian safety becomes more crucial in automotive industry. According to statistics, the lower extremity is the most frequently injured body segment among pedestrian. Lower extremity injuries need to take a long time to rehabilitation, or even cause permanent disability and need to put a lot of medical expenses, therefore, the seriousness can’t be ignored. The main cause for the pedestrian lower leg injury normally is due to the direct impact from the bumper of the vehicle. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to develop engineering countermeasures to lessen the possibility of pedestrian lower extremity injuries based on the bumper design.
　　EEVC (European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee) has developed a pedestrian impact test procedure. These consist of three most commonly injured areas in a pedestrian impact, which are leg, pelvis, and head injuries. The proposed method uses three different impactors to evaluate the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle. In this study, focus is made on the energy absorbing bumper for pedestrian lower leg protection. For validation, the numerical tests based on EEVC are conduced to evaluate the performance over the complete of the bumper system.
　　The study is departed into three stages. In the first stage, the finite element model of EEVC legform impactor is created and validated against EEVC/WG17 criteria, including static and dynamic tests, and tibia acceleration, knee bending angle and knee shearing displacement of legform impactor are measured. In the second stage, the front structure of car is created, and the numerical test based on EEVC are simulated and analyzed. In the last stage, the five design parameters for the bumper system, stiffness and geometry of energy absorber and bumper beam, are analyzed. Taguchi method is used to study the effect of design parameters. Consequently, the optimal combination of factor-level is attained, and hopefully to reduce the pedestrian’s leg injuries. The study analyzing the best parameter for the bumper system by means of Taguchi method with reducing the pedestrian’s leg injuries and satisfy the EEVC criteria.

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