長角彷對蝦(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii Miers, 1878) 俗稱劍蝦，廣泛分布於印度-西太平洋沿岸，是台灣重要的經濟漁獲物種。本研究使用PIMA (PCR-based Isolation of Microsatellite Arrays) 篩選出九組多型性之微衛星基因座(microsatellite loci) 與粒線體DNA中細胞色素氧化酶c次單元1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; COI)，分析宜蘭大溪、台北淡水、台中、高雄茄萣以及東海五個地區之劍蝦樣本，瞭解族群遺傳結構，進而得知其族群動態。結果顯示長角彷對蝦族群曾受過瓶頸效應，導致其遺傳歧異度較相近的甲殼十足目種類低。本種各族群間的分化程度皆很低，曾發生族群擴張事件，基因流與台灣海峽洋流有密切的關聯；可能為對蝦科的種類每次生殖可以產下大量的卵，而卵與幼生具有長時間的浮游時期，藉由台灣海峽的洋流造成強烈之基因交流。另外，在微衛星基因座分析結果顯示東海與台灣族群呈現不同之遺傳特徵。因此，本研究認為對於此資源之永續經營，台灣和東海的長角彷對蝦的漁業管理，建議分為不同管理單位(MU) 進行。

The sword prawn, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii Miers, 1878, grows at the depths of 5-90 m in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Populations of P. hardwickii have declined due to overfishing over the past decades. In order to develop management strategies for this threatened species, nine polymorphic microsatellite loci and COI sequence from five populations were used to investigate the genetic structure. Individuals were collected from Taiwan offshore at Tamshui, Taichung, Ilan, and Cheting, and the East China Sea. Low levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation (FST<0.05) were detected across populations, suggesting frequent gene flow highly associated with ocean currents. Nevertheless, the STRUCTURE analysis of five populations showed two distinct clusters. One was the East China Sea samples, and the other included the rest of samples, indicating two major management units for conservation. Both Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs statistics and analysis of mismatch distribution for overall populations suggested that sword prawn in the studied area experienced demographic expansions.

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