多孔鈦在生醫材料界已發展多年，相關應用與製程也不可計數，近來植入材發展漸漸走向複合材料，不僅要有一定的機械性質，能誘導骨細胞生長，對生物體也要不具毒性。有鑑於此本實驗應用溶膠凝膠法在多孔鈦上製備氧化鋯薄膜作為研究方向而努力。
本實驗採用傳統粉末冶金製備多孔鈦，在造孔劑移除方面使用水熱法取代傳統的燒結或超音波震盪移除。利用溶膠凝膠法在試片結構覆蓋具生物惰性的氧化鋯薄膜並進行力學性質和生物測試。於化性方面以XRD與XPS及EDS對試片做成份分析，物性方面以分析表面形貌的SEM與AFM和測量孔隙率之阿基米得原理及壓縮測試來分析試片。力學性質上抗壓強度期望能達到ISO 5833 (Implant for surgery)規範人體植入材最低強度的70 MPa，表面硬度與剛性需與人骨硬度相符合。生物相容性測試方面化依據ISO 10993 (醫療器材生物相容性評估)進行降解產物測試，並且於試片上培養纖維母細胞(L929)並同時進行細胞毒性(LDH)和細胞活性測試(MTS)。
從XRD分析及晶格常數計算發現多孔鈦最合適燒結溫度是1000℃。孔隙率經由阿基米德法量測實際值與預期值並無太大差異。XPS與SEM的表面元素分析(EDS)中都能偵測到試片中含有鋯的訊號，確認氧化鋯覆蓋於試片表面。多孔試片Z-P-Ti_35~55的抗壓強度符合ISO 5833規範人體植入材最低強度70MPa，另外微觀觀測上有鍍膜的試片比沒有鍍膜的試片無論在剛性、微硬度和表面粗糙度都有顯著提升，顯示氧化鋯著實提升試片的機械性質表現。降解產物測試中不論在極端或生物模擬溶液下鋯離子濃度皆保持一定。經MTS和LDH細胞毒性測試孔隙率越高的試片其細胞生長性與存活率越高，死亡率則沒有變化。
綜合以上結論，造孔劑添加55%鍍有氧化鋯薄膜的多孔鈦試片因為符合ISO規範強度且有相對高的孔細率與細胞存活率，適合作為未來臨床應用的參數。

Porous titanium (Ti)-based scaffolds are a promising approach for achieving stiffness reduction. To be used as a biomaterial, porous Ti scaffolds (P-Ti) must have suitable wear and corrosion resistance and the generation of either metallic wear debris or Ti ion release should be insignificant throughout a large timescale. The present study combines a porous structure appropriate for cell ingrowth with a physically and chemically stable thin-film coating to create a load-bearing bio-inspired scaffold. The as-designed zirconia-coated P-Ti (Z-P-Ti) was made via a hydrothermal process, followed by a sol-gel method. Mechanical tests were conducted primarily on P-Ti, and chemical stability tests were conducted on Z-P-Ti. The biocompatibility test results correlated with cell mitigation into Z-P-Ti were compared with those for reference surfaces. The results show that Z-P-Ti is load-bearable with an increased surface hardness and roughness. L929 cell morphology and viability assessed using the live/dead cell staining protocol show a significant enhancement of cell affinity on the surface of Z-P-Ti. The combination of porous Ti, a load-bearable structure, and biocompatible zirconia coating makes the designed biomaterial promising for many applications, such as vertebral discs.

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