本研究以近場式均勻LED陣列設計做為光源設計基礎，設計光譜調變光生物反應器之陣列光源。以雙三角形作為主要光源陣列設計，由笛卡爾坐標系分析目標面及光源間之相對座標位置，其大三角形之最佳間距d0為92mm，而小三角形之間距d為35mm，並分析RGB-LED陣列之光照強度分布情形，藉此在有限的空間條件下得到最佳之照度均勻性。本研究將以Picochlorum sp. strain S1b (簡稱S1b；屬綠球藻類) Nannochloropsis sp. strain MA1 (簡稱MA1；屬不等長鞭毛藻類) 與Gambierdiscus(渦鞭毛藻;為甲藻門)，作為實驗藻種，進行微藻培養實驗，評估此反應器對藻種之生長速率、整體生產力之影響。為比較光譜調變光生物反應器所輸出之混光光譜和微藻培養光譜之相似性，本研究利用正規化相關匹配法(Normalized cross-correlation, NCC)進行兩者之相似性比較，以調適出最合適之混光光譜。透過NCC相似性分析比較，可得知，S1b、MA1與Gambierdiscus之培養光譜與混光光譜的NCC值分別為85.9%、74.6%與94.5%。由微藻培養實驗結果，可得知，S1b由反應器之混光光譜培養組與白光LED光譜培養組相比之下，其整體生產力在光強度為20µmol·m-2·s-1時，提升約47%，光強度為40µmol·m-2·s-1時，提升約50%，而光強度為100µmol·m-2·s-1時，提升約25%;對於MA1而言，光強度為20µmol·m-2·s-1時，提升約42%，光強度為40µmol·m-2·s-1時，提升約68%，光強度為100µmol·m-2·s-1時，則產生光抑制;對於Gambierdiscus而言，光強度為20µmol·m-2·s-1時，提升約120%，光強度為40µmol·m-2·s-1時，提升約41%;光強度為100µmol·m-2·s-1時，則產生光抑制。

In this paper, the near-field uniform LED array design is used as the basis of array light source design for spectral modulation photobioreactor. The double triangles are used as an array design of primary light sources, the relative position in coordinate system between the target surface and the light source is analyzed by the Cartesian coordinate system. The large triangle of the best spacing d0 is 92 mm and the small triangle spacing d is 35 mm. The light intensity distribution of the LED array is analyzed, thereby obtaining optimum illumination uniformity under limited conditions. In the present study, we use Picochlorum sp. Strain S1b (abbreviated as S1b), Nannochloropsis sp. Strain MA1 (abbreviated as MA1), and Gambierdiscus (Dinoflagellates) as experimental algal species, the microalgae culture experiments are conducted to assess the effect of the photobioreactor on growth rate and overall productivity of the algal species. The result of microalgae culture experiments of S1b that cultured by the photobioreactor spectral compared with S1b that cultured by white LED is shown as below, when the light intensity is 20μmol·m-2·s-1, the whole productivity is about 47% higher, when the light intensity is 40μmol·m-2·s-1, it is about 50% higher, when the light intensity is 100μmol·m-2·s-1, it is about 25% higher. For MA1, when the light intensity is 20μmol·m-2·s-1, it is about 42% higher, when the light intensity is 40μmol·m-2·s-1, it is about 68% higher, while the light intensity is 100μmol·m-2·s-1, the photo inhibition is produced. For Gambierdiscus, when the light intensity is 20μmol · m-2 · s-1, it increases about 120%, when the light intensity is 40μmol·m-2·s-1, it increases about 41%, and the light intensity is 100μmol·m-2·s-1, the photoinhibition is produced.

[1].National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),” State of the Climate: National Overview for January , ” 2014.
[2].吳啟瑞,傅鏸漩,廖楷民,黃柏誠,張志新,2014年2月英國水災事件探討,國家災害防救科技中心,2014
[3].Srikanth Reddy Medipally, Fatimah Md. Yusoff,Sanjoy Banerjee, M. Sharif,” Microalgae as Sustainable Renewable Energy Feedstock for Biofuel Production,” Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International , 2015.
[4].Teresa M. Mata , Anto`nio A. Martins , Nidia. S. Caetano,” Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,RSER-757, 2009.
[5].N. Abdel-Raouf , A.A. Al-Homaidan , I.B.M. Ibraheem,” Microalgae and wastewater treatment,” Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,Vol 19, pp.257-275, 2012.
[6].Indira Priyadarshani,Biswajit Rath,” Commercial and industrial applications of micro algae – A review,” Algal Biomass Utln, vol 3 (4): 89-100, 2012.
[7].Rathinam Raja, Hemaiswarya Shanmugam , Venkatesan Ganesan, Isabel S. Carvalho,”Biomass from Microalgae: An Overview,”Oceanography ,vol 2:118. 2014.
[8].John Benemann, “Microalgae for Biofuels and Animal Feeds,” Algae Fuel, vol 6(11),pp.5869-5886,2013.
[9].https://www.fau.eu/2013/10/15/news/research/algae-research-aquatic-treasures-are-the-future/
[10].John W. Curran,” Unraveling the Mysteries of Solid-State Lighting,” U.S. Department of Energy,2010.
[11].Lars Stien, Thomas Torgersen, Jan Erik Fosseidengen, Frode Oppedal, Daniel William Wright,” Intelligent use of L.E.D. lights to prevent sexual maturation and reduce sea lice infestation,” CREATE Annual Report, pp.31, 2013.
[12].http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/cases/cases/horticulture/osaka.html
[13].Osram ," OSRAM LEDs provide robust lighting environment for corals to thrive,” Global OSRAM websites,2016.
[14].http://terrapacificusa.com/?page_id=128,2014
[15].C.-H. Hsieh, W.-T. Wu, “A novel photobioreactor with transparent rectangular chambers for cultivation of microalgae,” Biochemical Engineering Journal, pp. 300-305, 2009.
[16].NR Moheimani, “The culture Cocolithophorid Algae for carbon dioxide bioremediation,” PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005.
[17].Cristina González-Fernández, Ahmed Mahdy, Ignacio Ballesteros, Mercedes Ballesteros,” Impact of temperature and photoperiod on anaerobic biodegradability of microalgae grown in urban Wastewater,” Journal of International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Vol.106, pp. 16-23, 2015.
[18].E. Ono, J.L. Cuello, “Design parameters of solar concentrating systems for CO2-mitigating algal photobioreactors,” Energy Oxford, pp. 1651-1657, 2004.
[19].C.U. Ugwu , H. Aoyagi, H. Uchiyama,” Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae,” Journal of Bioresource Technology, Vol.99, pp. 4021-4028 , 2008.
[20].J.P. Bitog, I.-B. Lee, C.-G. Lee, K.-S. Kim, H.-S. Hwang, S.-W. Hong,I.-H. Seo, K.-S. Kwon, E. Mostafa,” Application of computational fluid dynamics for modeling and designing photobioreactors for microalgae production: A review,” Journal of Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Vol.76 pp.131-147, 2011.
[21].http://eartheasy.com/live_led_bulbs_comparison.html
[22].A. Richmond, “Handbook of microalgae culture: biotechnology and applied phycology, ” Journal of Applied Phycology, Vol. 16, pp. 159-160, 2004.
[23].Kirk, John Thomas Osmond,”Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems,” Cambridge university press, 1994
[24].Yongjun Zhao , Juan Wang , Hui Zhang , Cheng Yan , Yuejin Zhang,” Effects of various LED light wavelengths and intensities on microalgae-based simultaneous biogas upgrading and digestate nutrient reduction process,” Journal of Bioresource Technology, Vol. 136, pp. 461-468 ,2013
[25].Yongjun Zhao , Juan Wang , Hui Zhang , Cheng Yan , Yuejin Zhang,” Effects of various LED light wavelengths and intensities on microalgae-based simultaneous biogas upgrading and digestate nutrient reduction process,” Journal of Bioresource Technology, Vol. 136, pp. 461-468 ,2013
[26].C.Y. Chen, K.L. Yeh, R. Aisyah, D.J. Lee, J.S. Chang, “Photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production: a critical review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, Vol. 102, pp. 71-81, 2010.
 
[27].Chee Loong Teo , Madiha Atta , Attaullah Bukhari , Mohamad Taisir , Afendi M. Yusuf , Ani Idris,” Enhancing growth and lipid production of marine microalgae for biodiesel production via the use of different LED wavelengths,” Journal of Bioresource Technology, Vol.162, pp. 38-44 ,2014.
[28].Amritanshu Shriwastav, Purnendu Bose,” Algal growth in photo-bioreactors: Impact of illumination strategy and nutrient availability,” The Journal of Ecosystem Restoration,Vol.77, pp.202-215, 2015.
[29].T.H. Kim, Y. Lee, S.H. Han, S.J. Hwang, “The effects of wavelength and wavelength mixing ratios on microalgae growth and nitrogen, phosphorus removal using Scenedesmus sp. for wastewater treatment,” Journal of Bioresource Technology, Vol. 130, pp. 75-80, 2013.
[30].Ivan Moreno, Maximino Avendaño-Alejo, and Rumen I. Tzonchev,” Designing light-emitting diode arrays for uniform near-field irradiance,” Applied Optics Vol. 45, Issue 10, pp. 2265-2272 ,2006.
[31].Allen Jong-Woei Whang, Yi-Yung Chen, and Yuan-Ting Teng,”Designing Uniform Illumination Systems by Surface-Tailored Lens and Configurations
of LED Arrays,” Journal of Display Technology, Vol.5,No.3, 2009.
[32].W. A. Parkyn and D. G. Pelka, “Illuminance-mapping linear lenses for LEDs,” Proc. SPIE Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination System II, vol. 5942, pp. 1-12, 2005.
[33].Joana Almeida, Dawei Liang,” Construction of an array of LEDs coupled to a concentrator for phototherapy,” Proc. of SPIE-OSA Biomedical Optics, Vol. 8092, 80920K, 2011.
[34].Zhouping Su, Donglin Xue,Zhicheng Ji,”Designing LED array for uniform illumination distribution by simulated annealing algorithm.” OPTICS EXPRESS, Vol. 20, No.S6, 2012.
[35].S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, Jr., and M. P. Vecchi, “Optimization by Simulated Annealing,” Science 220,pp.671-680, 1983.
[36].V. Cerny, “Thermodynamical approach to the traveling salesman problem: an efficient simulation algorithm,” J.Optim. Theory ,appl.45(1), pp.41-51 ,1985.
[37].Rengmao Wu, Zhenrong Zheng,Haifeng Li, Xu Liu,” Optimization design of irradiance array for LED uniform rectangular illumination,” APPLIED OPTICS, Vol. 51, No.13, 2012
[38].Peng Liu, Huihui Wang, Rengmao Wu, Yang Yang, Yaqin Zhang, Zhenrong Zheng,Haifeng Li, and Xu Liu,” Uniform illumination design by configuration of LEDs and optimization of LED lens for large-scale color-mixing applications,” APPLIED OPTICS, Vol. 52, No. 17, 2013.
[39].Yingchao Xu, Yongxiao Changa, Guanyu Chena, Hongyi Lina,” The research on LED supplementary lighting system for plants,” The Journal of Optik, Vol.127,pp.7193-7201, 2016.
[40].經濟部能源局指,「照明系統Q&A節能技術手冊」，財團法人台灣綠色生產力基金會編印, 2012。
[41].Richard Barakat,” Application of Apodization to Increase Two-Point Resolution by the Sparrow Criterion. I. Coherent Illumination,” JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, Vol.52, No.3, 1962.
[42].C. C. Sun, T. X. Lee, S. H. Ma, Y. L. Lee, S. M. Huang,“Precise optical modeling for LED lighting verified by cross correlation in the midfield region,”Optics Letters, Vol. 31, No. 14, pp. 2193-2195, 2006.