Gray提出行為抑制與行為激發系統理論，他認為大腦裡面有兩個掌管行為的動機系統，當行為激發系統感受到外在酬賞與主動逃避線索時會被激發，趨近或主動逃避的行為就會被啟動；當行為抑制系統感受到外界懲罰及非酬賞性的線索時會被激發，動作行為會被抑制，並且繼續觀察的外在刺激；因此，行為激發系統愈活躍，對於外在酬賞的線索愈敏感，行為抑制系統愈活躍，對於懲罰的線索愈敏感。過去有許多研究以Gray的理論來解釋心理病態性格；認為其與行為抑制系統功能較弱，而行為激發系統功能過度活躍有關。Gray考慮心理病態性格的異質性，而假設低神經質心理病態性格個體之行為抑制系統功能較弱，而高神經質反社會性格障礙個體的行為激發系統功能較強；而過去研究較一致的指出低焦慮的心理病態性格犯罪者之行為抑制系統功能較非心理病態性格之犯罪者弱，而行為激發系統功能較活躍；但在高神經質心理病態性格則沒有一致的結果。且過去的研究結果都缺乏社區控制組做比較，故本研究擬取監獄受刑人分為反社會性格障礙與非反社會性格障礙，分層神經質高低，加上社區控制組，去探討行為抑制∕行為激發系統與反社會性格障礙之關係。
Caver與White所編製的行為抑制∕行為激發量表已被證實有好的信效度，本研究以這份量表來測量行為抑制∕行為激發系統功能；因此本研究第一個目的是在修訂由Carver與White（1994）所編製的行為抑制∕行為激發量表的中文版，進行其信效度等計量分析。首先，經過Carver與White的同意，將量表翻譯成中文；接著，進行量表的預試、以及信效度分析。先以143名修習普心課的大學生進行初步信效度分析，結果發現中文版行為抑制∕行為激發量表具有良好的內部一致性信度係數與可接受之再測信度係數，並得到和理論建構相符合的四個因素結構。在效度驗證方面，本研究假設行為抑制與神經質、逃避懲罰有正相關；而行為激發則與神經質、外向性、新奇刺激尋求以及衝動性成正相關。研究結果顯示，行為抑制和神經質與逃避懲罰有正相關；而行為激發和神經質、外向性、新奇刺激尋求及衝動性有正相關。此外，本研究根據Carver與White的研究設計兩個實驗來驗證量表的效度，結果顯示受試者在面對懲罰線索時的焦慮程度與行為抑制分量表分數成正相關，而受試者面酬賞時的快樂程度會與「酬賞反應」分量表成正相關，但與其他行為激發分量表沒有相關。
本研究第二個目的，是擬探討反社會性格障礙與非反社會性格障礙在行為抑制與行為激發系統的差異。本研究假設「低神經質反社會性格障礙個體」之行為抑制系統功能較「低神經質之非反社會性格障礙個體」與「社區控制組」低；而「高神經質反社會性格障礙個體」之行為激發系統較「高神經質非反社會性格障礙」與「社區控制組」活躍。本研究以國科會計劃「犯罪行為的類型及其成因分析：遺傳—環境整合性觀點之分析」中，所取樣的100名男性台南監獄受刑人與32名社區正常樣本。首先，根據DSM-IV診斷標準，將參與者分為「反社會性格障礙」受刑人、「非反社會性格障礙」受刑人及「社區控制組」；再以中文版艾氏性格量表的神經質分量表分數，進一步將參與者分層高神經質與低神經質組。分別以中文版行為抑制∕行為激發量表與行為抑制∕行為激發實驗測量參與者的行為抑制與行為激發功能。
從量表結果顯示，在行為抑制系統上，神經質分組與診斷分組之間沒有交互作用；診斷分組的主要效果達顯著，「反社會性格障礙」受刑人的行為抑制系統功能與「社區控制組」沒有差異，而「非反社會性格障礙」受刑人的行為抑制分數顯著高於「反社會性格障礙」受刑人與「社區控制組」。在行為激發系統功能上，神經質分組與診斷分組之間沒有交互作用；診斷分組的主要效果達顯著，「反社會性格障礙」受刑人其行為激發系統功能均顯著高於「非反社會性格障礙」受刑人與「社區控制組」；而高神經質組的行為抑制與行為激發系統功能均比低神經質組的活躍。而在實驗情緒測量方面，在參與者面對懲罰時的焦慮程度上，神經質分組與診斷分組之間沒有交互作用；神經質分組與診斷分組的主要效果皆未達顯著。而在參與者面對酬賞時的快樂程度上，神經質分組與診斷分組之間沒有交互作用；神經質分組主要效果未達顯著；在診斷分組上，「社區控制組」面對酬賞時的快樂程度會高於「反社會性格障礙」與「非反社會性格障礙」受刑人。
綜合來說，本研究在實驗部份的結果不符合Gray的理論；但在量表結果上，有關行為激發系統功能方面，符合Gray假設，高神經質「反社會性格障礙」個體之行為激發系統功能較活躍；但在行為抑制系統上則與Gray假設不一致，低神經質「反社會性格障礙」之行為抑制系統功能沒有比較弱。可能是因為DSM-IV的反社會性格障礙診斷與心理病態性格檢核表所診斷出來的個體在特質上有差異，DSM-IV反社會性格障礙診斷的個體衝動性較高，且神經質較高，即使區分出高低神經質組，低神經質的反社會性格障礙個體相對Gray所提到的低焦慮或低神經質的心理病態性格個體，神經質還是較高。因此低神經質的反社會性格障礙個體在行為抑制系統功能並沒有比較弱。此外，本研究也發現，「非反社會性格障礙」受刑人之行為抑制系統功能較「反社會性格障礙」受刑人與「社區控制組」活躍，推測「非反社會性格障礙」受刑人的犯罪可能與行為抑制系統過於活躍，導致焦慮性衝動而犯罪。

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