檸檬主要取其果汁做為飲食用途，除了果肉之外，果皮的重量佔超過整顆檸檬一半的重量，隨著檸檬產量不斷提高，果皮的再利用也漸漸受到重視。而檸檬精油儲存於果皮的油胞皮層內，以萜烯類為主要成分，由於具有芳香氣味以及多種生物活性，在應用層面十分廣泛，例如芳香療法、化妝品、食品、製藥等產業中都非常受歡迎，而精油的市場動向受到消費者對於天然產品的追求，使得檸檬精油需求量大增。因此本研究目的為提升檸檬精油萃取效率，並期望檸檬精油有良好的應用性，故選擇水蒸餾法萃取精油，使用食品級界面活性劑輔助以提高萃取效能，並考量臨界微胞濃度、精油溶解度等作為篩選界劑的指標，同時透過反應曲面法，使萃取製程參數能有系統地達到最佳化。在應用方面，鑒於檸檬精油天然無毒且具有生物活性，探討其抗菌及抗氧化性質。
由溶解度測試中得到對精油溶解度較佳的界劑系統為Tergitol 15-S-12以及Tween 40/Tween 85重量比為3:1。經過實驗設計得到界劑輔助萃取的最佳化條件：Tergitol 15-S-12濃度為2728 ppm、萃取時間為187分鐘、液固重量比為17.12；驗證實驗也證實反應曲面法所建立模型的預測性；以動力學模擬萃取製程，顯示添加界劑輔助組有較高的質傳係數，能夠改善萃取效能，且於最佳化條件下產率可提升約1.75倍；以GC-FID分析精油中的七種主成分，比較不同精油與萃取方法之間的組成差異，結果表明透過界劑輔助與一般水蒸餾法成分並無明顯差異；在乳液穩定性測試中，Pluronic 123/Tween 80及Tergitol 15-S-12界劑溶液配方具有良好的穩定性及可包覆較高精油含量；抑菌活性實驗結果顯示，檸檬精油對E. coli與S. aureus產生抗菌性，且效果優於市售精油，而精油成分中又以檸檬醛之抗菌效果最好；抗氧化試驗可得知自行萃取檸檬精油清除DPPH自由基的能力優於市售檸檬精油。

With the continuous growth in the production of lemons, making use of the lemon peel has gradually received attention, not only for reduction of agrowaste but also for valorization of lemon produces. Thanks to the good biological activities and the pursuit of natural products by customers, the wide applications of lemon oil (LO) have greatly increased its demand. Hence, the efficiency of extracting lemon oil becomes a concerning topic. In this study, surfactant-enhanced-hydrodistillation with nonionic surfactants was employed to improve the yield of LO extraction, and, likewise, to obtain LO in an easy and eco-friendly approach. Considering suitable surfactants, the capability of solubilization in LO with different types of surfactants were discussed. Also, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to systematically optimize the parameters of the extraction process, which were surfactant concentration, extraction time, and liquid-to-solid ratio. For the broad applicability of LO, the antibacterial and antioxidant property of LO was evaluated. Moreover, the proper formulations and stability of LO emulsions were investigated.
Results showed that surfactant-enhanced-hydrodistillation was a promising technique for extraction of LO. The optimal operating condition was 2728 ppm as the concentration of Tergitol 15-S-12, extraction time of 187 min, and with a ratio of liquid/solid at 17.12. The confirmation experiment verified the accuracy of the RSM model and showed the yield could be increased up to 1.75 times. A kinetics model simulated the extraction process successfully and displayed a higher mass transfer coefficient in the presence of surfactant assisting. Composition analysis by GC-FID indicated no discernible difference between LOs from the hydrodistillation processes with surfactants or not. The antibacterial test illustrated a good activity of LO against E. coli and S. aureus, even better than commercial LO (CLO). In DPPH radical scavenging assay, LO had exceptional antioxidant activity than CLO. A microemulsion system could form in more amounts of LO with Pluronic 123 /Tween 80 or Tergitol 15-S-12 surfactant solution and maintain its stability for more than 28 days.

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