近年來，因為可能的石油短缺，將多種再生能源進行整合的供電系統引起了廣大的研究。儘管太陽能電池 (photovoltaic)、風力發電系統 (wind turbine)以及燃料電池 (fuel cell) 都是可行的選項，但是它們都有各自的優缺點。例如，太陽能電池會因陽光常會受到各種自然因素影響，降低產電能力。而風力發電系統也同樣地受到當地風場強度以及當時風速影響。所以兩者都不適合作為主要的供電單元。然而有著可以快速反應用電需求的燃料電池，卻有著造價高昂的限制。最後，為了解決電力短缺而連接一個巨大的電池在單一產電單元上亦不是一個好的的方法。這是因為造價高昂以及在長期使用上不能確定有足夠的電力提供。總結來說，我們將在給定的用電需求下，尋找一個經過妥善設計的離網混合發電系統，來提供不中斷的電力供給。
在這個研究中，主要目標是發展一個系統性的方法進行彈性混合離網發電系統設計。這個系統需要在現實操作環境下，儘管環境及用電需求隨機變動的狀況下，仍然具有持續供電的能力。為了達到這個目標，本研究採用動態模擬為基礎的最佳化策略進行暫態彈性指標的計算，用以量化不同設計組成下的暫態彈性大小。本研究中，針對位於台南的成功大學安南校區以當地的天氣以及用電歷史紀錄，進行了大量系統組合的模擬，在其中尋找最佳組合。在這個過程中，建立了以 Matlab/Simulink為主的模擬程式來驗證我們的設計決策。

Integration of more than one renewable energy source for power generation is a research issue that has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Although the photovoltaic (PV) cell, the wind turbine (WT) and the fuel cell (FC) are all viable alternatives to the traditional steam and gas turbines, each is hampered by its own shortcomings. The PV cell alone is clearly not suitable for practical applications because of the intermittent nature of solar irradiation, while the power output of a WT unit is often unstable due to uncertain and uncontrollable weather conditions. The FC unit is fast to respond to demand changes but can be quite expensive. Finally, note that complementing a single power-generating unit with a large enough battery may not be an ideal solution either. This is due to the high investment cost of battery and its questionable durability in the long term. Thus, it is reasonable to expect that a properly configured hybrid system can provide uninterrupted off-grid power to meet the demand of a given community at any time.
The goal of this study is to develop a systematic design methodology for configuring flexible hybrid power systems in standalone applications. For actual operation in a realistic environment, such a process must be fully operable despite random fluctuations in energy supplies and power demands. The authors therefore proposed a simulation based optimization strategy to compute two alternative measures, i.e., the dynamic and temporal flexibility indices, for quantitatively evaluating any given design. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of these criteria, the authors synthesized a large number of photovoltaic-fuel cell-wind turbine (PVFCWT) systems for the Annan Campus of National Cheng Kung University in Tainan, Taiwan, and then identified the best design(s) according to their costs and flexibility measures. In addition, the authors also developed a MATLAB/Simulink simulation code to validate these design decisions.

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