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研究生: 魏巧玲
Widhiastuti, Fitri
論文名稱: 以電混凝共沉鐵氧尖晶石技術處理含硼水溶液
Remediation of boron from aqueous solution by electrochemically co-precipitated spinel ferrite in electrocoagulation process
指導教授: 黃耀輝
Huang, Yao-Hui
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 108
外文關鍵詞: Electrocoagulation, Spinel, Boron removal, Langmuir, Zeta-potential
相關次數: 點閱:109下載:1
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    Electrocoagulation process using transition metals as electrolytes and sacrificial anodes was studied for the removal of boron through formation spinel ferrites. The spinel ferrite (MFe2O4, M = Fe, Cu, Ni, and Co) evolved during electrocoagulation could be promising adsorbents for boron. The parameters such as pH (4 – 12), current density (1.25 – 5 mA/cm2), boron initial concentration (10 – 100 mg/l), and combination pairs of electrodes were studied. The efficiency of boron removal could achieve 95% as electrocoagulation was optimized at conditions: initial B = 10 mg/l, reaction pH 8 ± 0.5, current density = 3.75 mA/cm2, and 60 min reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that several spinel type such as nickel ferrites, cobalt ferrites and copper ferrites were obtained by electrocoagulation process. The adsorption isotherms of spinel type materials fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich models indicated that qmax of nickel ferrites was 28.90 mg/g with pHpzc 10.25. Most of the spinel ferrites were granular crystallites with the crystalline size of around 26 – 30 nm. The highest saturation magnetization was nickel ferrites 50.30 emu/g by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. Magnetic separable spinel ferrites offers easier solid - liquid separation after electrocoagulation process.

    ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT viii CONTENTS x LIST OF TABLES xiv LIST OF FIGURES xv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research objective 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Electrocoagulation 5 2.1.1 Reaction mechanism of electrocoagulation 7 2.1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of electrocoagulation process 10 2.2 Boron speciation 12 2.3 Surface charge 13 2.4 Addition of electrolytes 15 2.4.1 Chloride ions 15 2.4.2 Sulfate and Carbonate ions 16 2.5 Optimization of electrocoagulation 17 2.5.1 Faraday’s Law equation 17 2.5.2 Current efficiency and electrical energy consumption 17 2.6 Spinel ferrites 18 2.7 Magnetism in materials 22 2.8 Electrochemical synthesis of spinel ferrites 24 2.9 Application of spinel ferrites 25 2.10 Isotherm Modelling 27 2.10.1 Langmuir isotherm model 27 2.10.2 Freundlich isotherm model 27 2.11 Solid – liquid separation 28 CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 33 3.1 Framework 33 3.2 Materials 35 3.3 Experimental set – up 35 3.3.1 Electrocoagulation process 35 3.3.2 Adsorption isotherm 36 3.4 Experimental procedure 37 3.4.1 Electrocoagulation process 37 3.4.2 Calcination process 37 3.4.3 Adsorption isotherm 38 3.5 Analytical methods 39 3.6 Analytical Instruments 39 3.6.1 FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) 39 3.6.2 ICP – OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometer) 40 3.6.3 XRD (X – Ray Diffractometer) 40 3.6.4 SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) 41 3.6.5 SQUID VSM (Superconducting Quantum Interference Vibration Magnetometer)... 42 3.6.6 Zetasizer Nano ZS 42 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 44 4.1 Fe electrode as anode and cathode 44 4.1.1 Effect of pH 44 4.1.2 Effect of addition electrolyte types 47 4.1.3 Effect of molar ratio of Fe/Mn 49 4.1.4 Effect of current density on boron removal using iron electrode and nickel chloride electrolyte 50 4.1.5 Energy consumption from electrocoagulation system using iron electrode and nickel chloride electrolyte 54 4.2 Fe – Ni electrode as anodes and cathodes 55 4.2.1 Effect of electrode pairs 55 4.2.2 Effect of boron initial concentration 56 4.2.3 Effect of current density on the iron and nickel dissolution 57 4.2.4 Electric energy consumption 62 4.3 Characterization 65 4.3.1 X – ray Diffraction 65 4.3.2 Magnetic properties of spinel ferrite from electrocoagulation 69 4.3.3 SEM 74 4.3.4 FTIR 76 4.4 Adsorption isotherm 80 4.4.1 Langmuir isotherm model 80 4.4.2 Freundlich isotherm 82 4.5 Zeta potential analysis 84 4.6 Proposed mechanism of metal ferrites formation 86 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 89 5.1 Conclusion 89 5.2 Recommendation 90 REFERENCES 91 APPENDIX 104

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